Gazette Tracker
Gazette Tracker

Core Purpose

This notification establishes the application criteria and provides extensive definitions for new rules governing ships registered in India, made under the Merchant Shipping Act, 2025.

Detailed Summary

This notification, published on July 7, 2026, establishes application criteria and definitions for new rules governing ships registered in India. These rules apply to all sea-going cargo ships of 500 gross tons or more (excluding those under rule 4), Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU) complying with Schedule I, paragraph 90, and other ship types as specified in annexed Schedules. The rules are applicable to ships whose keel is laid or are at a similar stage of construction on or after the date of notification. For ships constructed before this date, compliance is required with the Merchant Shipping (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) Rules, 1991, and the Merchant Shipping (Fire Appliances) Rules, 1990, made under the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 (44 of 1958), as they existed prior to their repeal. The notification defines "similar stage construction" as when construction identifiable with a specific ship begins and assembly has commenced comprising at least 50 tons or more per cent. of the estimated mass of all structural material, whichever is less. It further provides extensive definitions for numerous terms, including various "class divisions" (A, B, C), "accommodation space," "Act" (referring to the Merchant Shipping Act, 2025 (24 of 2025)), "anniversary date," "approved" (by the Director-General), "atriums," "auxiliary steering gear," "Bulk Chemical Code" (IMO resolution A 212(VII)), "bulk carrier" (SOLAS 1974, regulation XII/1.1), "cargo area," "central control station," "chemical tanker," "dangerous goods" (International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code), and "emergency condition," among others.

Full Text

EXTRAORDINARY PART II —Section 3 —Sub-section ( i) PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY No. 532] NEW DELHI, TUESDAY , JULY 7, 2026/ASHADHA 16, 1948 CG-DL-E-16072026-274537 (1) (2) पी (x1, x2) = 1 पी(𝑥1,𝑥2)] 7]14⁄ 7.8 ; 4.7 सुरिा सलमनत के संकल्प MSC.I (45), MSC.6(48), MSC.13(57), MSC.22(59), Msc.24(60), MSC.27(61), खाली स्ट्थान (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) खुले डेक (10) – ए-0 िुले डेक (10) * * * * * * * * * – ए-0 जे स्र्ान (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) ए-0 ए-60 ए-0 ए-15 ए-60 ए-15 ए-60 ए-60 * ए-0ए ए-60 ए-0 ए-60 ए-0 * िुले डेक (10) - िुले डेक (10) * * * * * * * * * - पैरा 83(2)(ि) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (3)(क)(ii) x x x x x - (3)(क)(iii) - x x x x x (3)(क)(iv) - x x x x x (3)(ि) - x x x x x 4 (3)(ग) - x x x - x 4 (3)(घ)(i) - x x 1 x - x 4 (3)(घ)(ii) - x x 1 x - x 4 (3)(ङ) - x x x - - (3)(च)(i) x x x x x - (3)(च)(ii) x x x x x - (3)(छ) x x - - x - (3)(ज) x x x 2 x x - (3)(i) - - - x 3 x - (3)(ञ)(i) - - - x - - (3)(ञ)(ii) - - - x - - वगा 4.1 4.2 4.3 6 5.1 6.1 8 9 (3)(क)(i) x x - x - - x (3)(क)(ii) x x - x - - x (3)(ि) x x 7 x x 8 - - x 8 (3)(घ)(i) - x 7 x - - - - (3)(घ)(ii) x 9 x 7 x x 7.9 - - x 7.9 (3)(घ)(iii) x x x x x x x (3)(च) x x x x x x x (3)(ज) x x x x 7 - - x 10 1.6 1.4ए स 2.1 2.2 2.3 < ≥ 23°सीto≤ 60°सी 4.1 4.2 4.3 ids 21 4.3 16 6.1 < 23° सी 6.1 ids 6.1 < 23° सी 8 ड 8 (3)(क)( i ) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x (3)(क)(ii) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x - (3)(क)(iii) x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (3)(क)(iv) x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (3)(ख) x - x - x - x - - - x 18 - - - x - - - x - - - x (3)(ग) x x x x - x x x x x x x x - x x x x x x x x - (3)(घ)(ii) - - x - - x x - x 11 x 11 x x x 11 - x x - x 11 x x - - x (3)(घ)(iii) - - x - - - x - - - - - - - x - - - x - - - x1 (3)(ङ) - - - - - - x - - - - - - - x x x - x x 19 x 19 - - (3)(च) - - x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x (3)(छ) - - - - - - x x x x x x x - x x - - x x - - - (3)(ि) x 12 - x x x x x x x x x x x 13 x x x - - x x - - - (3)(i) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x (3)(ञ)(i) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x (3)(ञ)(ट) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 150 तक 2 d=1+0.066 √ L( B+D) से ननकटतम 0.25 (शासकीय मुहर) (राज्य) िवन संवविा की तारीि ________________________________________________ ववतरि की तारीि ____________________________________________________________ __ (जहां लागू हो) _____________________________________________ पर जारी ककया ____________________________ _____________ ______________________________________________ ___________________ ____________________ स्र्ान: ____________________________ तारीि: ____________________________ तारीि: ____________________________ स्र्ान: ____________________________ तारीि: ____________________________ स्र्ान: ____________________________ तारीि: ____________________________ स्र्ान: ____________________________ तारीि: ____________________________ हस्तािर: ____________________________ स्र्ान: ____________________________ तारीि: ____________________________ _______________________________________ पहला ननरीिि : हस्तािर : ____________________________ स्र्ान: ____________________________ तारीि: ____________________________ स्र्ान: ____________________________ तारीि: ____________________________ हस्तािर: ____________________________ स्र्ान: ____________________________ तारीि: ____________________________ हस्तािर: ______________________ ______ स्र्ान: ____________________________ तारीि: ___________________________ _______________________________________ हस्तािर: ____________________________ स्र्ान: ____________________________ तारीि: ____________________________ ___________________________________ है। हस्तािर: ____________________________ स्र्ान: ____________________________ तारीि: ____________________________ तारीि___________________________________ है। तारीि: ____________________________ ___________________________________ है। हस्तािर: ____________________________ स्र्ान: ____________________________ तारीि: ____________________________ _______________________________________ ______________________________ द्वारा ____________________________ पोत का नाम: ______________________________ सकल टनिार: ______________________________ आईएमओ नंबर: ______________________________ पोत का वगा: ______________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ __________ ________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________ ____________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________ रु.60,000/- रु.97,500/- रु.12,000/- रु .22,500 / -. रु.37,500/- रु.22,500/- रु.15,000/- रु.4,500/- रु.12,000/- रु.7,500/- रु.7,500/- रु.45,000/- रु.45,000/- रु.37,500/- रु.7,500/- रु.75,000/- [फा. सं. SY-19014/199/2025 -MG-Part(6)] MINISTRY OF PORTS, SHIPPING AND WATERWAYS NOTIFICATION New Delhi, the 7th July, 2026 G.S.R . 590 (E).–In exercise of the powers conferred by section 116 , sub -section (2) of section 121 and sub -section (2) of section 130 of the Merchant Shipping Act, 2025 (24 of 2025), the Central Government hereby makes the following rules, namely: – 1. Short title, and commencement. – (1) These rules may be called the Merchan t Shipping (Cargo Vessel Construction, Fire Appliances and Survey) Rules, 2026. (2) They shall come into force on the date of their publication in the Official Gazette. 2. Application. – Unless expressly otherwise provided, these rules shall apply to the foll owing ships registered in India - (a) all sea -going cargo ships of 500 ton gross or more, other than those mentioned under rule 4; (b) all Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU) which comply with the requirements indicated in paragraph 90 of Schedule I; (c) the types of ships to which the specific requirements of any of the Schedule and annexed to these rules apply and the extent of such application is provided under such Schedule: Provided these rules shall apply to ships, the keel of which are laid or which are at a similar stage of construction on or after the date of notification of these rules. Provided further that such ships, the keel of which was laid or was at a similar stage of construction before the date of coming into force of these rules, shall comply wi th the requirements specified in the Merchant Shipping (Cargo Ship Construction and Survey) Rules, 1991 and the Merchant Shipping (Fire Appliances) Rules, 1990 made under the Merchant Shipping Act,1958 (44 of 1958), as it existed prior to its repeal. Expl anation. – For the purposes of this rule "similar stage construction" means a stage at which - (a) construction identifiable with a specific ship begins; and (b) assembly of that ship has commenced comprising of at least 50 ton or more per cent . of the estimated mass of all structural material, whichever is less. 3. Definitions. – (1) In these rules, unless the context otherwise requires, – (1) "A class division" mean that the divisions formed by bulkheads and decks and: – (a) are constructed of steel or o ther equivalent material; (b) are suitably stiffened; (c) are so constructed so as to be capable of preventing the passage of smoke and flame to the end of the one -hour standard fire test; (d) are insulated with approved non -combustible materials in a manner that t he average temperature of the unexposed side does not rise more than 1400 C above the initial temperature, nor does the temperature, at any one point, including any joint, rise more than 1800 C above the original temperature, within the time specified in column (2) of the table below in relation to the classes specified in the corresponding entry in column (1) of the said table; (1) (2) class "A -60" 60 minutes class "A -30" 30 minutes class "A -15" 15 minutes class "A -0" 0 minutes; and (e) the Director -General has required a test of a prototype bulkhead or deck in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code, to ensure that it meets the above requirements for integrity and temperature rise; (2) "accommodation space" means the space used for public spaces, corridors, lavatories, cabins, offices hospitals, games and hobbies rooms, pantries containing no cooking appliances and similar spaces; (3) "Act" means the Merchant Shipping Act, 2025 (24 of 2025); (4) "anniversary date" in relation to a cargo ship, means the date i n each year corresponding to the date of expiry of the Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate or the Cargo Ship Construction Certificate; (5) "approved" means approved by the Director -General; (6) “atriums” mean public spaces within a single main vertical zo ne spanning to three or more open decks; (7) "auxiliary steering gear" means the equipment, not being any part of the main steering gear, necessary to steer a ship in the event of failure of the main steering gear but does not include the tiller, quadrant or c omponents serving the same purpose; (8) “aft terminal” is the aft limit of the sub -division length; (9) "B class divisions" means those divisions formed by bulkheads, decks ceilings or lining which - (a) are so constructed as to be capable of preventing passage of fl ame at the end of the first half -hour of the standard fire test; (b) have an insulation value so that if the division is exposed to a standard fire test, the average temperature on the unexposed side does not rise more than 140 degree C above the original tem perature, or does the temperature at any one point including any joint, wrist more than 225 degree C above the original temperature, within the time listed below: class "B -15" 15 minutes class "B -0", 0 minute; and (c) they are constructed of approved non -combustible materials and all materials used in their construction and erection are non - combustible, with the exception that combustible veneers may be permitted, if they meet other appropriate requirements; and (d) the Director -General has required a test of a prototype division in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code, to ensure that it meets the above requirements for integrity and temperature rise; (10) “Breadth (B)” of a ship is the greatest moulded breadth of the ship at or below the deepest sub -division draught; (11) "Bulk Chemical Code" means the code for construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous chemicals in bulk adopted by the Assembly of the Intern ational Maritime Organization by resolution A 212(VII); (12) “bulk carrier” means a bulk carrier as defined in regulation XII/1.1 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974 (SOLAS); (13) "bulkhead deck" means the upper most deck upto which the transverse watertight bulkheads are carried; (14) "cargo area" means the part of a ship which contains cargo spaces, slop tanks and cargo pump rooms, cofferdams, ballast and void spaces adjacent to cargo tanks and also deck areas throughout the length and breadt h of the part of the ship over such spaces; (15) "C class divisions" mean those divisions constructed, having approved non -combustible materials which does not meet the requirement relating to the passage of smoke and flame or the limitations, and are permitte d with the temperature rise combustible veneers, if they meet other requirements of these rules; (16) "cargo control station" means a space from which the loading, discharging or transferring of any cargo may be controlled; (17) “cargo ship” means a ship which is not a passenger ship; (18) "cargo pump room" means the room in which pumps used for loading, discharge or transferring oil cargoes are located; (19) "cargo spaces" mean all spaces used for cargo (including cargo oil tanks) and trunks to such spaces; (20) “central cont rol station” is a control station in which the following control and indicator functions are centralised, namely: - (a) fixed fire detection and alarm systems; (b) automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm systems; (c) fire door indicator panels; (d) fire door cl osure; (e) watertight door indicator panels; (f) watertight door closures; (g) ventilation fans; (h) general/fire alarms; (i) communication systems including telephones; and (j) microphones to public address system; (21) "chemical tanker" mean a tanker constructed or adopted and used for the carriage in bulk of any liquid product listed in - (a) chapter 17 of the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk; or (b) Chapter VI of the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk; (22) "closed RO/RO cargo spaces" mean RO/RO cargo spaces which are neither open RO/RO spaces nor weather deck; (23) “closed vehicle” spaces are vehicle spaces which are neither open vehicle spaces nor weather decks; (24) "combination carri er" means a tanker designed to carry oil or solid cargoes in bulk; (25) “combustible material” mean any material other than a non - combustible material; (26) "control stations” are those spaces in which the ship's radio or main navigating equipment or the emergency source of power is located or where the fire recording or fire control equipment is centralised; (27) “continuous "B" class ceilings or linings” are those B class ceilings or linings which terminate at an "A" class division or "B" class division. (28) "crew spaces" means accommodation provided exclusively for the use of crew; (29) "crude oil” means oil occurring naturally in the earth, whether or not treated to render it suitable for transportation, and includes crude oil from which certain distillate fractions may have been removed and to crude oil to which certain distillate fractions may have been made; (30) "dangerous goods" means those goods referred to in International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, as amended from time to time; (31) "dead ship condition" means the conditio n under which the main propulsion and the boilers and auxiliaries are not in operation due to the absence of power; (32) "dead weight" means the difference in metric tons between the displacement of a ship in water of a specific gravity of 1.025 at the load wa ter line corresponding to the assigned summer free -board and the lightweight of the ship; (33) “deepest subdivision draught (ds)” is the summer load line draught of the ship; (34) “design pressure” means the hydrostatic pressure for which each structure or applianc e assumed watertight in the intact and damage stability calculations is designed to withstand; (35) "draught (d)” is the vertical distance from the keel line - (a) at amidships, for ships which are subject to the provisions of regulation II -1/1.1.1.1 of Internation al Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974; and (b) at the mid -point of the sub -division length (Ls), for ships which are not subject to the provisions of regulation II -1/1.1.1.1 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974 but construc ted on or after the 1st January, 2009, to the waterline in question; (36) "emergency condition" means the condition under which any services needed for normal operational and habitable conditions are not in working order due to failure of the main source of ele ctrical power; (37) "emergency source of electrical power" means the source of electrical power intended to supply the emergency switchboard in the event of failure of the supply from the main source of electrical power; (38) "emergency switch board" means the swi tch board which, in the event of failure of the main electrical power supply system, is directly supplied by the emergency source of electrical power or the transitional source of emergency power and is intended to distribute electrical energy to the emerg ency services; (39) "flammable" means substances capable of being ignited and of burning in air; (40) "forward perpendicular" means the perpendicular taken at the forward end of the length (L); (41) “forward terminal” is the forward limit of the sub -division length. (42) "freeboard deck" shall have the same meaning as assigned to it in the applicable rules made under the Act dealing with load line. (43) “Fire Safety Systems Code” or “FSS Code” means the International Code for Fire Safety Systems as adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee of the International Maritime Organization by resolution MSC.98(73) , as may be amended by the International Maritime Organization; (44) “Fire Test Procedures Code” or “F TP Code” means the International Code for Application of Fire Test Procedures, 2010 (2010 FTP Code) as adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee of the International Maritime Organization by resolution MSC.307(88) , as may be amended by the International Maritime Organization: (45) “fire damper”, for the purposes of implementing paragraph 76 sub - parag raph (7) of Schedule I, as adopted by resolution MSC.365(93), as may be amended, means a device installed in a ventilation duct, which under normal conditions remains open allowing flow in the duct, and is closed during a fire, preventing the flow in the d uct to restrict the passage of fire and in using this definition, the following terms may be associated namely: (a) automatic fire damper is a fire damper that closes independently in response to exposure to fire products. (b) manual fire damper is a fire damper t hat is intended to be opened or closed by the crew by hand at the damper itself; and (c) remotely operated fire damper is a fire damper that is closed by the crew through a control located at a distance away from the controlled damper. (46) “flashpoint” means the t emperature in degree Celsius (closed cup test) at which a product shall give off enough flammable vapour to be ignited, as determined by an approved flashpoint apparatus; (47) “gas carrier” means a cargo ship constructed or adapted and used for the carriage in bulk of any liquefied gas or other products of a flammable nature listed in Chapter 19 of the International Gas Carrier Code, as defined in regulation VII/11.1 of International convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS); (48) “hazardous area” means an are a in which explosive gas -air mixture are, or may be, expected to be present in quantities such as to require special precaution for the construction and use of electrical apparatus or other apparatus which otherwise would constitute a source of ignition; (49) "hazardous zone or space" means - (a) spaces containing flammable cargo or spaces adjacent to cargo tanks; (b) all enclosed and semi -enclosed space with direct access to such spaces; provided that an enclosed space situated in a hazardous zone or space may be reg arded as non -hazardous, if it is separated from liquid cargo spaces by at least two gas tight steel bullheads or decks, with no direct opening into hazardous zone or space and is mechanically ventilated; (50) “helideck” means a purpose -built helicopter landing area located on a ship including all structures, fire -fighting appliances and other equipment necessary for the safe operation of helicopters; (51) “helicopter facility” means a helideck including any refuelling and hangar facilities; (52) “helicopter landing area” means an area on a ship designated for occasional or emergency landing of helicopters but not designed for routine helicopter operations; (53) "International Bulk Chemical Code" means the code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying dangerous chemi cals in bulk as adopted by the International Maritime Organization by resolution MSC 4(48), as amended from time to time; (54) "International Gas Carrier Code" means the code for the construction and equipment of ships carrying liquified gas in bulk as adopted by the International Maritime organization by resolution MSC 5(48), as amended from time to time; (55) “international voyage” means a voyage from any port in India to any other port outside India; or, as the case may be, conversely; (56) "length (L)" shall have t he same meaning as assigned to it in the applicable rules made under the Act dealing with load line; (57) "light weight" means the displacement of the ship in metric tons without cargo, fuel, lubricating oil, ballast water, fresh water and feed water in tanks, consumable stores, passengers and crew and their effects; (58) “light service draught (dl)” means the service draught corresponding to the lightest anticipated loading and associated tankage, including, such ballast as may be necessary for stability or immersi on (59) “low flame spread” means that the surface thus described shall adequately restrict the spread of flame, which shall be determined in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code; (60) "machinery control room" means a room from which the propelling machine ry and boiler serving the needs of propulsion may be controlled; (61) "machinery space" means all machinery spaces of category "A" and all other spaces containing propelling machinery, boiler, oil fuel units, steam or internal combustion engines, generators, a nd major electrical machinery oil filling stations, refrigerating, stabilising, ventilation and air conditioning machinery and similar spaces and trunks to such spaces; (62) "machinery spaces of category A" means a machinery space which contains. — (a) internal com bustion machinery used for main propulsion; or (b) internal combustion type machinery used either for main propulsion purposes, or for any other purposes when such machinery has in the aggregate a total power output of not less than 375 kilowatts; or (c) any oil -fired boiler or oil fuel unit or any oil fired boiler or oil fuel or any oil fired equipment other than boilers, such as inert gas generator and incinerators; (63) "main generating station" means the space in which the main source of electrical power is situate d; (64) "main source of electrical power" means a source intended to supply electrical power to the main switchboard for distribution to all services necessary for maintaining the ship in normal operational and habitable conditions; (65) "main steering gear" means the machinery, rudder actuators, steering gear power units, if any, and ancillary equipment and the means of applying torque to the rudder for the purpose of steering the ship under normal service conditions; (66) "main switch board" means the switch board wh ich is directly supplied by the main source of electrical power and is intended to distribute electrical energy to the ships service; (67) “main vertical zones” means those sections into which the hull, superstructure and deckhouses are divided by A class div isions, the mean length and width of which on any deck does not in general exceed 40 meters; (68) “MARPOL” means International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL 73/78) Convention of International Maritime Organization along with its Protocols and Amendments, as applicable; (69) "maximum ahead service speed" means the greatest speed the ship is designed to maintain at sea at her deepest seagoing draft; (70) "maximum astern speed" means the speed, which it is estimated the ship can attain at t he design maximum astern power at the deepest sea -going draught; (71) “mile” means 6080 feet or 1852 meters; (72) "motor ship" means a ship propelled by internal combustion engine; (73) “notice” means any notice, circular, or guideline issued by the Director -General u nder section 301 of the Act’; (74) “navigable speed" means the minimum speed at which the ship can be effectively steered in the ahead direction; (75) " non -combustible material" means a material which neither burns nor gives off flammable vapors in sufficient quan tity for self -ignition when heated to approximately 750 C which shall be determined by an established test procedure to the satisfaction of the Directorate - General of Shipping; (76) "normal operational and habitable condition" means a condition under which the ship as a whole, the machinery, services, means and aids ensuring propulsion, ability to steer, safe navigation, fire and flooding safety, internal and external communications and signals, means of escape, and emergency boat winches, as well as the design ed comfortable conditions of habitability are in working order and functioning normally; (77) "oil fuel unit" means the equipment used for the operation of oil fuel for delivery to an oil fired boiler, or equipment used for the preparation for delivery of heat ed oil to internal combustion engines, and includes any oil at pressure pumps, filters and heaters, dealing with oil at pressure of more than 1.8 kilograms/cm; (78) “oil tanker” is the oil tanker defined in regulation 1 of Annex I of the Protocol of 1978 relat ing to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973; (79) "open RO/RO cargo spaces" mean RO/RO cargo spaces either open at both ends or open at one end and provided with adequate natural ventilation effective over their entire l ength through permanent openings in the side plating or deckhead or from above, having a total area of at least 10 per cent. of the total area of the space sides; (80) “open vehicle spaces” means those vehicle spaces either open at both ends or have an opening at one end and are provided with adequate natural ventilation effective over their entire length through permanent openings distributed in the side plating or deckhead or from above, having a total area of at least 10% of the total area of the space sides; (81) “organisation” means the International Maritime Organization (IMO); (82) “passenger ship” means a ship which carries more than twelve passengers; (83) “partial sub -division draught (dp)” is the light service draught plus 60% of the difference between the light ser vice draught and the deepest sub -division draught; (84) “permeability (μ)” of a space means the proportion of the immersed volume of that space which can be occupied by water; (85) "power actuating system" means hydraulic equipment provided for supplying power to tu rn the rudderstock comprising a steering gear unit or units together with the associated pipes and fittings and a rudder actuator which may share common mechanical components serving the same purpose; (86) “prescriptive requirements” means the construction cha racteristics, limiting dimensions, or fire safety systems specified in Schedule I; (87) “principal officer" means an officer referred to in sub -section (2) of section 8 of the Act; (88) "public spaces" means those portions of the accommodation spaces which are used for halls, dining rooms, lounges and similar permanently enclosed spaces; (89) "reid vapour pressure" means the vapour pressure of a liquid as determined by laboratory testing in a standard manner in the reid apparatus; (90) “rooms containing furniture and furnish ings of restricted fire risk”, for the purpose of regulation 9 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974, means those rooms containing furniture and furnishings of restricted fire risk (whether cabins, public spaces, offices or other t ypes of accommodation) in which , — (a) furniture such as desks, wardrobes, dressing tables, bureau, or dressers are constructed entirely of approved non -combustible materials, except that a combustible veneer not exceeding 2 millimeters that may be used on the working surface of such articles; (b) free-standing furniture such as chairs, sofas, or tables are constructed with frames of non -combustible materials; (c) draperies, curtains and other suspended textile materials have qualities of resistance to the propagation of flame not inferior to those of wool having a mass of 0.8 kg/m2, which shall be determined in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code; (d) floor coverings have low flame -spread characteristics; (e) exposed surfaces of bulkheads, linings and ceilings have l ow flame -spread characteristics; (f) upholstered furniture has qualities of resistance to the ignition and propagation of flame, this being determined in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code; and (g) bedding components have qualities of resistance to the ignition and propagation of flame, which shall be determined in accordance with the Fire Test Procedures Code. (91) "RO/RO cargo spaces" mean spaces not normally sub -divided in anyway and extending to either a substantial length or the entire length of the ship in which goods (package or in bulk) in or on rail or road cars, vehicles (including road and rail tankers, trailers, containers, pallets dismountable tanks or in or on similar stowage units or other receptacles) can be loaded and unloaded normally in a horizontal direction; (92) “RO/RO spaces” mean those spaces not normally sub -divided in any way and normally extending to either a substantial length or the entire length of the ship in which motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion or go ods (packaged or in bulk, in or on rail or road cars, vehicles including road or rail tankers), trailers, containers, pallets, demountable tanks or in or on similar stowage units or other receptacles) can be loaded and unloaded normally in a horizontal dir ection; (93) “sauna” is a hot room with temperatures normally varying between 800C and 1200C where the heat is provided by a hot surface (e.g., by an electrically heated oven), which may also include the space where the oven is located and adjacent bathrooms. (94) "Schedule" means Schedule annexed to these rules; (95) "service spaces" mean those spaces used for galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, lockers, main and specie room, storeroom, workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces and sim ilar spaces and trunks to such spaces; (96) "settling tank" means an oil storage tank having a heating surface of not less than 0.183 m/tone of oil capacity; (97) "special category spaces" mean those enclosed vehicle spaces above and below the bulkhead deck, into and from which vehicles can be driven and to which passengers have access and such spaces may be accommodated on more than one deck provided that the overall clear height for vehicles does not exceed 10 meters; (98) "standard fire test" means a test in which sp ecimens of the relevant bulkheads or decks are exposed in a test furnace to temperatures corresponding to the standard time -temperature curve in accordance with the test method specified in the Fire Test Procedure Code;. (99) "steel or other equivalent material" means any non -combustible material which by itself or due to insulation provided, has structural and integrity properties equivalent to steel at the end of the applicable fire exposure to the standard fire test; (100) "steering gear control system" means the equipment by which orders are transmitted from the navigating bridge to the steering gear power units, steering gear control system comprise transmitters, receivers, hydraulic control pumps and their associated motors, motor controllers, piping and cables; (101) "steering gear power unit" means, - (a) in the case of electrical steering gear, the electric motor and its associated equipment; (b) in the case electro -hydraulic steering gear, the electric motor, its associated electrical equipment and connected pumps; and (c) in the case of steam hydraulic or pneumatic hydraulic steering gear, the driving engine and connected pump; (102) “SOLAS” means the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974 of the International Maritime organisation with its Protocols and Amendments as applicable; (103) “smoke damper” means for the purpose of implementing paragraph 76 of Sub -paragraph (7) of schedule 1, as adopted by resolution MSC.365(93) of organization, as may be amended, a device installed i n a ventilation duct, which under normal conditions remains open allowing flow in the duct, and is closed during a fire, preventing the flow in the duct to restrict the passage of smoke and hot gases, which is not expected to contribute to the integrity of a fire rated division penetrated by a ventilation duct and in using the above definition, the following terms may be associated, namely: - (a) automatic smoke damper is a smoke damper that closes independently in response to exposure to smoke or hot gases; (b) manual smoke damper is a smoke damper intended to be opened or closed by the crew by hand at the damper itself; and (c) remotely operated smoke damper is a smoke damper that is closed by the crew through a control located at a distance away from the controlled da mper; (104) “subdivision length (Ls)” means the greatest projected moulded of that part of the ship at or below deck or decks limiting the vertical extent of flooding with the ship at deepest subdivision draught; (105) "ton" means gross ton; (106) “trim” means the differen ce between the draught forward and the draught aft, where the draughts are measured at the forward and aft- (a) perpendiculars respectively, as defined in the International Convention on Load Lines in force, for ships subject to the provisions of regulation II -1/1.1.1.1 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974; and (b) terminals respectively, for ships not subject to the provisions of regulation II -1/1.1.1.1 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974 but constructed on or a fter the 1st January, 2009 ; disregarding any rake of keel; (107) “vehicle spaces” means cargo spaces intended for carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion; (108) “vehicle carrier” means a cargo ship which only carries cargo in RO/RO spaces or vehicle spaces, and which is designed for the carriage of unoccupied motor vehicles without cargo, as cargo; (109) "watertight means having scantling and arrangements capable of preventing the passage of water in any direction under the head of water likely to occur in intact and damaged conditions and in the damaged condition, the head of water is to be considered in the worst situation at equilibrium, including intermediate stages of flooding; (110) "weather deck" means the deck which is completely exposed to the weather from above and from atleast two sides; (111) “winching area” means a pick -up area provided for the transfer by personnel or stores to or from the ship, while the helicopter hovers above the deck; and (112) “weathertight” means that in any sea conditi ons water shall not penetrate into the ship . (2) Words and expressions used in these rules but not defined herein shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them in the Act, and in the applicable Codes and Conventions. 4. Exceptions. — Unless expressly provided otherwise, these rules do not apply to — (1) ships of war and troopships; (2) cargo ships of less than 500 gross tonnage; (3) ships not propelled by mechanical means; (4) wooden ships of primitive build; (5) pleasure yachts are not engaged in trade; and (6) vessels cove red under Part XIII of the Act. 5. Exemptions. – (1) A ship, which is not normally engaged on international voyages but which, in exceptional circumstances, is required to undertake a single international voyage, may be exempted by the Director -General from any of the requirements of these rules provided that it complies with safety requirements which are adequate in the opinion of the Director -General for the voyage which is to be undertaken by the ship. (2) The Director -General may exempt any ship which embodi es features of a novel kind from any of the provisions of these rules, the application of which might seriously impede research into the development of such features and their incorporation in ships engaged on international voyages, but any such ship shall , comply with safety requirements which, in the opinion of the Director -General, are adequate for the service for which it is intended and are such as to ensure the overall safety of the ship and which are acceptable to the Governments of the States to be visited by the ship. (3) The Director -General, allowing any such exemption shall communicate to the organisation particulars of same and the reasons thereof, which the organisation shall circulate to the contracting Governments for their information. (4) The Director -General may, if it considers that the sheltered nature and conditions of the voyage are such as to render the application of any specific requirements of this rule unreasonable or unnecessary, exempt from those requirements individual ships or classe s of ships entitled to fly the flag of that State which, in the course of their voyage, do not proceed more than 20 miles from the nearest land. 6. Equivalents with respect to material, appliances or apparatus . — (1) Where these rules require that a particula r fitting, material, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, shall be fitted or carried in a ship, or that any particular provision shall be made, the Director -General may allow any other fitting, material, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, to be fitted or carried, or any other provision to be made in that ship, if it is satisfied by trial thereof or otherwise that such fitting, material, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, or provision, is at least as effective as that required by the present rules. (2) The Director -General upon allowing, in substitution, a fitting, material, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, or provision, shall communicate to the organisation particulars thereof together with a report on any trials made and the organisat ion shall furnish such particulars to other contracting Governments for the information of their officers. 7. Construction and survey of ships . — (1) The requirements for construction, including structural arrangements, sub -division and stability, machinery a nd electrical installations, as well as, fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction, shall comply with the provisions as specified in Schedule I. (2) The survey, audit, and certification shall be carried out in accordance with the applicable rules ma de under the Act. (3) The certificate shall be issued in the format provided under Schedule II. (4) The applicable fee for drawing and document approval is provided under Schedule III. 8. Application of Rules to ships of under 500GT . — (1) Ships under 500 gross tonnage shall comply with the requirements stipulated in paragraph 89 of Schedule I. SCHEDULE I [See rule 6] CONSTRUCTION – STRUCTURE, SUBDIVISION AND STABILITY, MACHINERY AND ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS, FIRE PROTECTION, FIRE DETECTION AND FIRE EXTINCTION CHAP TER-I GENERAL 1. Application. — (1) Unless expressly provided otherwise, the requirements under these schedule shall apply to all cargo ships. (2) For the purpose of these rules, the term “a similar stage of construction” means the stage at which - (a) construction i dentifiable with a specific ship begins; and (b) assembly of that ship has commenced comprising at least fifty tonnes or one per cent of the estimated mass of all structural material, whichever is less. (3) For the purpose of these rules - (a) the expression “ship s constructed” means “ships the keels of which are laid or which are at a similar stage of construction”; (b) the expression ships constructed on or after the date of notification of these rules means ships: (i) for which the building contract is placed on or afte r the date of notification of these rules; or (ii) in the absence of a building contract, the keel of which is laid, or which are at a similar stage of construction on or after the date of notification of these rules; and (4) All ships which undergo repairs, altera tions, modifications and outfitting related thereto shall continue to comply with at least the requirements previously applicable to these ships. Such ships if constructed before the date on which any relevant amendments enter into force shall, as a rule, comply with the requirements for ships constructed on or after that date to at least the same extent as they did before undergoing such repairs, alterations, modifications or outfitting. Repairs, alterations and modifications of a major character and outfitting related thereto shall meet the requirements for ships constructed on or after the date on which the relevant amendments enter into force in so far as the Director -General deems reasonable and practicable. CHAPTER -II STRUCTURE OF SHIPS 2. Structural, mechanical and electrical requirements for ships. - In addition to the requirements contained elsewhere in the present rules, ships shall be designed, constructed and maintained in compliance with the structural, mechanical and electrical requirements of a classification society which is recognized by the Central Government or with applicable national standards prescribed by the Central Government which provide an equivalent level of safety. 3. Corrosion prevention of seawater ballast tanks . — (1) Sub -paragr aphs (2) and (4) of this paragraph apply to ships of not less than 500 gross tonnage: (2) All dedicated seawater ballast tanks and double -side skin spaces arranged in bulk carriers of 150 m in length and upwards shall be coated during construction in accorda nce with the performance standard for protective coatings for dedicated seawater ballast tanks in all types of ships and double -side skin spaces for bulk carriers, adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee by resolution MSC.215(82), as may be amended by the organisation , provided that such amendments are adopted, brought into force and take effect in accordance with the provisions of article VIII of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, concerning the amendment procedures applicable t o the annex other than Chapter I of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974. (3) All dedicated seawater ballast tanks arranged in oil tankers and bulk carriers constructed on or after the 1st July, 1998, for which sub -paragraph (2) is not applicable, shall comply with the requirements of regulation II -1/3- 2 adopted by resolution of Maritime Safety Committee, MSC. 47(66). (4) Maintenance of the protective coating system shall be included in the overall ship’s maintenance scheme. The effecti veness of the protective coating system shall be verified during the life of a ship by the Director - General or a recognised organisation developed by the Director -General. 4. Safe access to tanker bows. — (1) For the purpose of this paragraph and paragraph 5 (emergency towing arrangement), tankers include oil tankers as defined in sub -rule (78) of rule 3, chemical tankers as defined sub -rule (21) of rule 3 and gas carriers as defined in sub -rule (47) of rule 3. (2) Every tanker shall be provided with the means to enable the crew to gain safe access to the bow even in severe weather conditions. Such means of access shall be approved by the Director -General based on the guidelines developed by organisation. 5. Emergency towing arrangements on tankers. — (1) Emergency towing arrangements shall be fitted at both ends on board every tanker of not less than 20,000 tonnes deadweight. (2) For tankers constructed on or after the 1st July, 2002: - (a) the arrangements shall, at all times, be capable of rapid deployment in the ab sence of main power on the ship to be towed and easy connection to the towing ship. At least one of the emergency towing arrangements shall be pre -rigged ready for rapid deployment; and (b) emergency towing arrangements at both ends shall be of adequate stren gth taking into account the size and deadweight of the ship, and the expected forces during bad weather conditions. The design and construction and prototype testing of emergency towing arrangements shall be approved by the Director -General, based on the g uidelines developed by the organisation . (3) For tankers constructed before the 1st July, 2002, the design and construction of emergency towing arrangements shall be approved by the Director -General, based on the guidelines developed by the organisation . 6. Emergency towing arrangements on ships other than tankers .— (1) Emergency towing arrangements shall be fitted on ships, other than tankers, of not less than 20,000 gross tonnage, constructed on or after the 1st January, 2028. (2) For ships, other than tankers, constructed on or after the 1st January, 2028; - (a) the arrangements shall be, at all times, be capable of rapid deployment in the absence of main power on the ship to be towed and easy connection to the towing ship; and (b) emergency towing arrangements shall hav e to be of adequate strength taking into account the size of the ship, and the expected forces during bad weather conditions. The design and construction and prototype testing of emergency towing arrangements shall be approved by the Director -General , base d on the guidelines developed by the organisation. 7. Emergency Towing Procedure on Ships . — (1) This paragraph applies to - (a) cargo ships constructed on or after the 1st January, 2010; and (b) cargo ships constructed before the 1st January, 2010, not later than th e 1st January, 2012. (2) Ships shall be provided with a ship -specific emergency towing procedure. Such a procedure shall be carried aboard the ship for use in emergency situations and shall be based on existing arrangements and equipment available on board the ship. (3) The procedure shall include — (a) drawings of fore and aft deck showing possible emergency towing arrangements; (b) inventory of equipment on board that can be used for emergency towing; (c) means and methods of communication; and (d) sample procedures to facilit ate the preparation for and conducting of emergency towing operations. (e) additional requirements stipulated in Maritime Safety Committee MSC.1/Circ.1255 8. New installation of materials containing asbestos. — (1) This paragraph shall apply to materials used for the structure, machinery, electrical installations and equipment covered by the present paragraphs. (2) For all ships, new installation of materials which contain asbestos shall be prohibited. 9. Access to and within spaces in, and forward of, the cargo area of oil tankers and bulk carriers. — (1) Application: (a) except as provided for in clause (b) of sub -paragraph (1), this paragraph applies to oil tankers of 500 gross tonnage and over and bulk carriers, a s defined in regulation IX/1, of 20,000 gross tonnage and over, constructed on or after the 1st January, 2006. (b) oil tankers of 500 gross tonnage and over constructed on or after the 1st October 1994 but before the 1st January, 2005 shall comply with the pr ovisions of regulation II/12 -2 adopted by resolution Maritime Safety Committee, MSC.27(61) of these paragraphs. (2) Means of access to cargo and other spaces — (a) each space shall be provided with means of access to enable, throughout the life of a ship, overal l and close -up inspections and thickness measurements of the ship’s structures to be carried out by the Director -General, the Company as defined in regulation IX/1 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974, and the ship’s personnel and others as necessary. Such means of access shall comply with the requirements of sub -paragraph (5) of this paragraph and with the Technical provisions for means of access for inspections, adopted by organisation through resolution Maritime Safety Committee MSC.133(76) as may be amended by the organisation , provided that such amendments are adopted, brought into force and take effect in accordance with the provisions of article VIII of the present Convention concerning the amendment procedures applicable; (b) where a permanent means of access may be susceptible to damage during normal cargo loading and unloading operations or where it is impracticable to fit permanent means of access, the Director -General may allow, in lieu thereof, the provision of movable or po rtable means of access, as specified in the technical provisions, provided that the means of attaching, rigging, suspending or supporting the portable means of access forms a permanent part of the ships structure. All portable equipment shall be capable of being readily erected or deployed by ship’s personnel; (c) the construction and materials of all means of access and their attachment to the ship’s structure shall be to the satisfaction of the Director -General. The means of access shall be subject to survey prior to, or in conjunction with, its use in carrying out surveys in accordance with the applicable rules made under the Act. (3) Safe access to cargo holds, cargo tanks, ballast tanks and other spaces — (a) safe access to cargo holds, cofferdams, ballast tanks , cargo tanks and other spaces in the cargo area shall be direct from the open deck and such as to ensure their complete inspection. Safe access to double bottom spaces or to forward ballast tanks may be from a pump -room, deep cofferdam, pipe tunnel, cargo hold, double hull space or similar compartment not intended for the carriage of oil or hazardous cargoes; (b) tanks, and subdivisions of tanks, having a length of thirty five (35) meters or more, shall be fitted with at least two access hatchways and ladders , as far apart as practicable. Tanks less than thirty five (35) meters in length shall be served by at least one access hatchway and ladder. When a tank is subdivided by one or more swash bulkheads or similar obstructions which do not allow ready means of access to the other parts of the tank, at least two hatchways and ladders shall be fitted; (c) each cargo hold shall be provided with at least two means of access as far apart as practicable. In general, these accesses should be arranged diagonally, for exampl e one access near the forward bulkhead on the port side, the other one near the aft bulkhead on the starboard side. (4) Ship structure access manual — (a) a ship’s means of access to carry out overall and close -up inspections and thickness measurements shall be de scribed in a ship structure access manual approved by the Director -General, an updated copy of which shall be kept on board. The ship structure access manual shall include the following for each space — (i) plans showing the means of access to space, with app ropriate technical specifications and dimensions; (ii) plans showing the means of access within each space to enable an overall inspection to be carried out, with appropriate technical specifications and dimensions. The plans shall indicate from where each area in the space can be inspected; (iii) plans showing the means of access within space to enable close - up inspections to be carried out, with appropriate technical specifications and dimensions. The plans shall indicate the positions of critical structural areas, whether the means of access is permanent or portable and from where each area can be inspected; (iv) instructions for inspecting and maintaining the structural strength of all means of access and means of attachment, taking into account any corrosive atmosphere that may be within the space; (v) instructions for safety guidance when rafting is used for close -up inspections and thickness measurements; (vi) instructions for the rigging and use of any portable means of access in a safe manner; (vii) an inventory of all portable means of access; and (viii) records of periodical inspections and maintenance of the ships means of access. (b) for the purpose of this paragraph “critical structural areas” are locations which have been identified from calculations to require monitoring or from t he service history of similar or sister ships to be sensitive to cracking, buckling, deformation or corrosion which would impair the structural integrity of the ship. (5) General technical specifications — (a) for access through horizontal openings, hatches or ma nholes, the dimensions shall be sufficient to allow a person wearing a self - contained air -breathing apparatus and protective equipment to ascend or descend any ladder without obstruction and also provide a clear opening to facilitate the hoisting of an inj ured person from the bottom of the space. The minimum clear opening shall not be less than 600 millimeters x 600 millimeters. When access to a cargo hold is arranged through the cargo hatch, the top of the ladder shall be placed as close as possible to the hatch coaming. Access hatch coamings having a height greater than 900 millimeters shall also have steps on the outside in conjunction with the ladder; (b) for access through vertical openings, or manholes, in swash bulkheads, floors, girders and web frames p roviding passage through the length and breadth of the space, the minimum opening shall be not less than 600 millimeters x 800 millimeters at a height of not more than 600 millimeters from the bottom shell plating unless gratings or other foot holds are pr ovided; (c) for oil tankers of less than 5,000 tonnes deadweight, the Director - General may approve, in special circumstances, smaller dimensions for the openings referred to in clauses (a) and (b) of sub -paragraph (5), if the ability to traverse such openings or to remove an injured person can be proved to the satisfaction of the Director -General. 10. Construction drawings maintained on board and ashore . — (1) A set of as - built construction drawings and other plans showing any subsequent structural alterations sha ll be kept on board a ship constructed on or after the 1st January, 2007. (2) An additional set of such drawings shall be kept ashore by the Company, as defined in regulation IX/1.2 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974. 11. Towing an d mooring equipment. - Sub-paragraphs (4) to (6) applies to ships constructed on or after the 1st January, 2007. (2) Sub-paragraphs (7) and (8) of this paragraph only apply to ships: — (a) for which the building contract is placed on or after the 1st January, 2026; or (b) in the absence of a building contract, the keel of which is laid or which is at a similar stage of construction on or after the 1st July, 2026; or (c) the delivery of which is on or after the 1st January, 2029. (3) This paragraph does not apply to towing ar rangement provided in accordance with paragraphs 5, 6 and 7 of this schedule. (4) Ships shall be provided with arrangements, equipment and fittings of sufficient safe working load to enable the safe conduct of all towing and mooring operations associated with the normal operation of the ship. (5) Arrangements, equipment and fittings provided in accordance with sub-paragraph (4) shall meet the appropriate requirements of the Director -General or an organisation recognised by the Director - General. (6) Each fitting or item of equipment provided under this paragraph shall be clearly marked with any restrictions associated with its safe operation, taking into account the strength of its attachment to the ship's structure. (7) For ships of 3,000 gross tonnage and above, the moorin g arrangement shall be designed, and the mooring equipment including lines shall be selected, in order to ensure occupational safety and safe mooring of the ship, based on the guidelines developed by the Director - General Ship-specific information shall be provided and kept on board. (8) Ships of less than 3,000 gross tonnage should comply with the requirement in paragraph 7 of this schedule as far as reasonably practicable, or with applicable national standards of the Director - General . (9) For all ships, mooring eq uipment, including lines, shall be inspected and maintained in a suitable condition for their intended purposes. 12. Means of embarkation on and disembarkation from ship . — (1) Ships constructed on or after the 1st January, 2010 shall be provided with means of embarkation on and disembarkation from ships for use in port and in port related operations, such as gangways and accommodation ladders, in accordance with Sub -paragraph (2), unless the Director -General deems that compliance with a particular provision is unreasonable or impractical. Circumstances where compliance may be deemed unreasonable or impractical may include where the ship: — (a) has small freeboards and is provided with boarding ramps; or (b) is engaged in voyages between designated ports where appro priate shore accommodation or embarkation ladders (platforms) are provided. (2) The means of embarkation and disembarkation required in sub - paragraph (1) shall be constructed and installed based on the guidelines developed by the organisation. (3) For all ships th e means of embarkation and disembarkation shall be inspected and maintained in suitable condition for their intended purpose, taking into account any restrictions related to safe loading. All wires used to support the means of embarkation and disembarkatio n shall be maintained as specified in regulation III/20.4 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974. 13. Goal based ship construction standards for Bulk Carriers and Oil Tankers. — (1) This paragraph shall apply to oil tankers of 150 m in length and above and to bulk carriers of 150 m in length and above, constructed with single deck, top -side tanks and hopper side tanks in cargo spaces, excluding ore carriers and combination carriers: (a) for which the building contract is placed on or after t he 1st July, 2016; (b) in the absence of a building contract, the keels of which are laid or which are at a similar stage of construction on or after the 1st July, 2017; or (c) the delivery of which is on or after the 1st July, 2020. (2) Ships shall be designed and co nstructed for a specified design life to be safe and environmentally friendly, when properly operated and maintained under the specified operating and environmental conditions, in intact and specified damage conditions, throughout their life. (a) safe and envi ronmentally friendly means the ship shall have adequate strength, integrity and stability to minimise the risk of loss of the ship or pollution to the marine environment due to structural failure, including collapse, resulting in flooding or loss of watert ight integrity; (b) environmentally friendly also includes the ship being constructed of materials for environmentally acceptable recycling; (c) safety also includes the ship's structure, fittings and arrangements providing for safe access, escape, inspection and proper maintenance and facilitating safe operation; (d) specified operating and environmental conditions are defined by the intended operating area for the ship throughout its life and cover the conditions, including intermediate conditions, arising from cargo and ballast operations in port, waterways and at sea; (e) specified design life is the nominal period that the ship is assumed to be exposed to operating or environmental conditions or the corrosive environment and is used for selecting appropriate ship desig n parameters. however, the ship's actual service life may be longer or shorter depending on the actual operating conditions and maintenance of the ship throughout its life cycle. (3) The requirements of sub -paragraphs (2) to clause (e) of sub -paragraph (2) sha ll be achieved through satisfying applicable structural requirements of an organisation which is recognised by the director - general in accordance with the provisions of regulation XI -1/1, or rules provided by the Director -General , conforming to the functio nal requirements of the goal -based ship construction standards for bulk carriers and oil tankers. (4) A ship construction file with specific information on how the functional requirements of the Goal -based ship construction standards for bulk carriers and oil tankers have been applied in the ship design and construction shall be provided upon delivery of a new ship and kept on board the ship and/or ashore and updated as appropriate throughout the ship's service. the contents of the ship construction file shall, at least, conform to the guidelines developed by the organisation. 14. Corrosion protection of cargo oil tanks of crude oil tankers - (1) Sub - paragraph (3) shall apply to crude oil tankers, as defined in regulation 1 of Annexure I to the International Conventi on for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) 73/78 Convention of the International Maritime Organization along with its Protocols and Amendments, as applicable thereto, of 5,000 tonnes deadweight and above: (a) for which the building contract is plac ed on or after the 1st January, 2013; or (b) in the absence of a building contract, the keels of which are laid or which are at a similar stage of construction on or after the 1st July, 2013; or (c) the delivery of which is on or after the 1st January, 2016. (2) Sub-paragraph (3) shall not apply to combination carriers or chemical tankers as defined in regulations 1 of annexes I and II, respectively, to the international convention for the prevention of pollution from ships, 1973, as modified by the protocol of 1978 re lating thereto. for the purpose of this paragraph, chemical tankers also include chemical tankers certified to carry oil. (3) All cargo oil tanks of crude oil tankers shall be: — (a) coated during the construction of the ship in accordance with the performance sta ndard for protective coatings for cargo oil tanks of crude oil tankers, adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee by resolution MSC.288(87) , as may be amended by the organisation, provided that such amendments are adopted, brought into force and take effect in accordance with the provisions of article VIII of the convention concerning the amendm ent procedures applicable; or (b) protected by alternative means of corrosion protection or utilization of corrosion resistance material to maintain required structural integrity for twenty five (25) years in accordance with the performance standard for altern ative means of corrosion protection for cargo oil tanks of crude oil tankers, adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee by resolution MSC.289(87) , as may be amended by the organisation, provided that such amendments are adopted, brought into force and take effect in accordance with the provisions of article VIII of the present convention concern ing the amendment procedures applicable to the annex other than chapter I of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974. (4) The Director -General may exempt a crude oil tanker from the requirements of sub -paragraph (3) to allow the use of nove l prototype alternatives to the coating system specified in clause (a) of sub - paragraph (3), for testing, provided they are subject to suitable controls, regular assessment and acknowledgement of the need for immediate remedial action if the system fails o r is shown to be failing. Such exemption shall be recorded on an exemption certificate. (5) The Director -General may exempt a crude oil tanker from the requirements of sub -paragraph (3) if the ship is built to be engaged solely in the carriage of cargoes and c argo handling operations not causing corrosion. Such exemption and conditions for which it is granted shall be recorded on an exemption certificate. 15. Protection against noise . — (1) This paragraph shall be applicable to ships of 1,600 gross tonnage and abov e: (a) for which the building contract is placed on or after the 1st July, 2014; or (b) in the absence of a building contract, the keels of which are laid or which are at a similar stage of construction on or after the 1st January, 2015; or (c) the delivery of which i s on or after the 1st July, 2018, unless the Director -General deems that compliance with a particular provision is unreasonable or impractical. (2) On ships delivered before the 1st July, 2018 and: (a) contracted for construction before the 1st July, 2014 and the keels of which are laid or which are at a similar stage of construction on or after the 1st January, 2009; or (b) in the absence of a building contract, the keels of which are laid or which are at a similar stage of construction on or after the 1st January, 2009 but before the 1st January, 2015, measures shall be taken to reduce machinery noise in machinery spaces to acceptable levels as determined by the Director -General . If this noise cannot be sufficiently reduced the source of excessive noise shall be suita bly insulated or isolated or a refuge from noise shall be provided if the space is required to be manned. Ear protectors shall be provided for personnel required to enter such spaces, if necessary. (3) Ships shall be constructed to reduce onboard noise and to protect personnel from the noise in accordance with the code on noise levels on board ships, adopted by the Maritime Safety Committee by resolution MSC.337(91) , as may be amended by the organisation, provided that such amendments are adopted, brought into force and take effect in accordance with the provisions of article VIII of the present con vention concerning the amendment procedures applicable to the annex other than chapter I of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974. For the purpose of this rule, although the Code on noise levels on board ships is treated as a mandator y instrument, recommendatory parts as specified in chapter I of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974 shall be treated as non -mandatory, provided that amendments to such recommendatory parts are adopted by the Maritime Safety Com mittee in accordance with its rules of procedure. (4) Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph 1, this paragraph does not apply to types of ships listed in paragraph 1.3.4 of the code on noise levels on board ships. 16. Lifting appliances and anchor handling winches . — (1) Application — (a) unless expressly provided otherwise, this paragraph shall apply to lifting appliances and anchor handling winches, and loose gear utilised with the lifting appliances and the anchor handling winches; (b) notwithstanding the above, this paragraph does not apply to: (i) lifting appliances on ships certified as Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODUs); (ii) lifting appliances used on offshore construction ships, such as pipe or cable laying/repair or offshore installation ships, including ships f or decommissioning work, which comply with standards acceptable to the Director -General; (iii) integrated mechanical equipment for opening and closing hold hatch covers; and; (iv) life-saving launching appliances complying with the International Life -Saving Applianc e (LSA) code. (c) the Director -General shall determine to what extent the provisions of clause (a) of sub -paragraphs (2) and clause (d) of sub -paragraph (2) do not apply to lifting appliances which have a safe working load below 1,000 kilogram. (2) Design, co nstruction and installation (a) lifting appliances installed on or after the 1st January, 2026 shall be (i) designed, constructed and installed in accordance with the requirements of a classification society which is recognised by the Director -General in accordanc e with the provisions of regulation XI -1/1 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974 or standards acceptable to the Director -General which provide an equivalent level of safety; and (ii) load tested and thoroughly examined after installatio n and before being taken into use for the first time and after repairs, modifications or alterations of major character; (b) anchor handling winches installed on or after the 1st January, 2026 shall be designed, constructed, installed and tested to the satisfa ction of the Director -General, based on the guidelines developed by the organisation; (c) lifting appliances installed on or after the 1st January, 2026 shall be permanently marked and provided with documentary evidence for the safe working load (SWL); (d) lifting appliances installed before the 1st January, 2026 shall be tested and thoroughly examined, based on the guidelines developed by the organisation and comply with clause (c) of sub -paragraph (2) no later than the date of the first renewal survey on or after the 1st January, 2026; (e) anchor handling winches installed before the 1st January, 2026 shall be tested and thoroughly examined, based on the guidelines developed by the organisation no later than the date of the first renewal survey on or after the 1st January, 2026. (3) Maintenance, operation, inspection and testing, — all lifting appliances and anchor handling winches, regardless of installation date, and all loose gear utilized with any lifting appliances and anchor handling winches, shall be operationa lly tested, thoroughly examined, inspected, operated and maintained, based on the Guidelines developed by the organisation. (4) Inoperative lifting appliances and anchor handling winches, — except as provided in regulation I/11(c), while all reasonable step s shall be taken to maintain lifting appliances, anchor handling winches and loose gear to which this paragraph applies in working order, malfunctions of that equipment shall not be assumed as making the ship unseaworthy or as a reason for delaying the shi p in ports, provided that action has been taken by the master to take the inoperative lifting appliance or anchor handling winch into account in planning and executing a safe voyage. CHAPTER -III SUBDIVISION AND STABILITY 17. General. – (1) The stability r equirements in chapter -III through chapter -IV shall apply to cargo ships of 80 meters in length (L) and upwards but shall exclude those cargo ships which are shown to comply with subdivision and damage stability regulations in other instruments developed b y the organisation. (2) The Director -General may, for a particular ship or group of ships, accept alternative methodologies if it is satisfied that at least the same degree of safety as represented by these paragraphs is achieved. The Director -General upo n allowing such alternative methodologies shall communicate to the organisation the particulars thereof. (3) Ships shall be as efficiently subdivided as is possible having regard to the nature of the service for which they are intended. The degree of subd ivision shall vary with the subdivision length (Ls) of the ship and with the service, in such manner that the highest degree of subdivision corresponds with the ships of greatest subdivision length (Ls), primarily engaged in the carriage of passengers. (4)Where it is proposed to fit decks, inner skins or longitudinal bulkheads of sufficient tightness to seriously restrict the flow of water, Director -General shall be satisfied that proper consideration is given to beneficial or adverse effects of such struct ures in the calculations. CHAPTER -IV STABILITY OF CARGO SHIPS 18. Intact stability information. — (1) Every cargo ship having a length (L) of 24 meters and upwards, shall be inclined upon its completion. The lightship displacement and the longitudinal, trans verse and vertical position of its centre of gravity shall be determined. In addition to any other applicable requirements of the present regulations, ships having a length of 24 meters and upwards shall as a minimum comply with the requirements of Part A of the 2008 Intact Stability Code. (2) The Director -General may allow the inclining test of an individual cargo ship to be dispensed with, provided basic stability data are available from the inclining test of a sister ship and it is shown to the satisfact ion of the Director -General that reliable stability information for the exempted ship can be obtained from such basic data, as required by sub -paragraph (1). A weight survey shall be carried out upon completion and the ship shall be inclined whenever, in c omparison with the data derived from the sister ship, a deviation from the lightship displacement exceeding 1 per cent. for ships of 160 meters or more in length and 2 per cent. for ships of 50 meters or less in length and as determined by linear interpol ation for intermediate lengths or a deviation from the lightship longitudinal center of gravity exceeding 0.5 per cent. of L is found. (3)The Director -General may also allow the inclining test of an individual ship or class of ships especially designed fo r the carriage of liquids or ore in bulk to be dispensed with when reference to existing data for similar ships clearly indicates that, due to the ship’s proportions and arrangements more than sufficient metacentric height shall be available in all probabl e loading conditions. (4) Where any alterations are made to a ship so as to materially affect the stability information supplied to the master, amended stability information shall be provided. If necessary, the ship shall be re - inclined. The ship shall b e re-inclined if anticipated deviations exceed one of the values specified in sub -paragraph (5). (5) At periodical intervals not exceeding five years, a lightweight survey shall be carried out on all passenger ships to verify any changes in lightship displ acement and longitudinal center of gravity. The ship shall be re -inclined whenever, in comparison with the approved stability information, a deviation from the lightship displacement exceeding 2 per cent. or a deviation of the longitudinal center of gravi ty exceeding 1 per cent. of L is found or anticipated. (6) Every ship shall have scales of draughts marked clearly at the bow and stern. In the case where the draught marks are not located where they are easily readable, or operational constraints for a particular trade make it difficult to read the draught marks, then the ship shall also be fitted with a reliable draught indicating system by which the bow and stern draughts can be determined. 19. Stability information to be supplied to the master. — (1) The master shall be supplied with such information satisfactory to the Director -General as is necessary to enable him by rapid and simple processes to obtain accurate guidance as to the stability of the ship under varying conditions of service. A copy of the s tability information shall be furnished to the Director -General. (2) The information should include: — (a) curves or tables of minimum operational metacentric height (GM) and maximum permissible trim versus draught which assures compliance with the intact and damage stability requirements, alternatively corresponding curves or tables of the maximum allowable vertical center of gravity (KG) and maximum permissible trim versus draught, or with the equivalents of either of these curves or table; (b) instructions conc erning the operation of cross -flooding arrangements; and (c) all other data and aids which might be necessary to maintain the required intact stability and stability after damage. (3) The intact and damage stability information required by sub - paragraph (2) s hall be presented as consolidated data and encompass the full operating range of draught and trim. Applied trim values shall coincide in all stability information intended for use on board. Information not required for determination of stability and trim l imits should be excluded from this information. (4) If the damage stability is calculated in accordance with paragraph 20 to paragraph 24 and, if applicable, with paragraph 25, a stability limit curve is to be determined using linear interpolation between the minimum required metacentric height (GM) assumed for each of the three draughts ds, dp and dl. When additional subdivision indices are calculated for different trims, a single envelope curve based on the minimum values from these calculations shall be presented. When it is intended to develop curves of maximum permissible vertical centre of gravity (KG) it shall be ensured that the resulting maximum vertical centre of gravity (KG) curves correspond with a linear variation of metacentric height (GM). (5) As an alternative to a single envelope curve, the calculations for additional trims may be carried out with one common GM for all of the trims assumed at each subdivision draught. The lowest values of each partial index As, Ap and Al across these trims sh all then be used in the summation of the attained subdivision index A according to paragraph 21. This shall result in one metacentric height (GM) limit curve based on the metacentric height (GM) used at each draught. A trim limit diagram showing the assume d trim range shall be developed. (6) When curves or tables of minimum operational metacentric height (GM) versus draught are not appropriate, the master should ensure that the operating condition does not deviate from a studied loading condition or verify by calculation that the stability criteria are satisfied for this loading condition. 20. Required subdivision index R. — (1) The subdivision of a ship is considered sufficient if the attained subdivision index A, determined in accordance with paragraph 21, is not less than the required subdivision index R calculated in accordance with this paragraph and if, in addition, the partial indices As, Ap and Al are not less than 0.5R for cargo ships. (2) For all ships to which the damage stability requirements of this paragraph apply, the degree of subdivision to be provided shall be determined by the required subdivision index R, as follows: (a) in the case of cargo ships greater than 100 m in length (Ls): R=1−128 Ls+152 (b) in the case of cargo ships not less than 80 m in length (Ls) and not greater than 100 m in length (Ls): R=1−[1 1+LS 100 × RO 1−R0] Where Ro is the value R as calculated in accordance with the formula in clause(a). 21. Attained subdivision index A. — (1) The attained subdivision index A is obtained by the summation of the partial indices As, Ap and Al, (weighted as shown) calculated for the draughts ds, dp and dl defined in rule 3 in accordance with the following formula: A=0.4AS+0.4AP+0.2AI Each partial index is a summation of contributions from all damage cases taken in consideration, using the following formula: A=∑(pi×si) where: i represents each compartment or group of compartments under consideration, pi accounts for the probability that only the compartment or group of compartments under consideration may be flooded, disregarding any horizontal subdivision, as defined in paragraph 22, si accounts for the probability of survival after flooding the compartment or group of compartments under consideration, and includes the effect of any horizontal subdivision, as defined in paragraph 23. (2) As a minimum, the calculation of A shall be carried out at the level trim for the deepest subdivision draught ds and the partia l subdivision draught dp. The estimated service trim may be used for the light service draught dl. If, in any anticipated service condition within the draught range from ds to dl, the trim variation in comparison with the calculated trims is greater than 0 .5 per cent. of L, one or more additional calculations of A are to be performed for the same draughts but including sufficient trims to ensure that, for all intended service conditions, the difference in trim in comparison with the reference trim used for one calculation shall be not more than 0.5 per cent. of L. Each additional calculation of A shall comply with sub -paragraph (1) of paragraph 20. (3) When determining the positive righting lever (GZ) of the residual stability curve in the intermediate and f inal equilibrium stages of flooding, the displacement used should be that of the intact loading condition. All calculations should be done with the ship freely trimming. (4) The summation indicated by the above formula shall be taken over the ship’s sub -division length (Ls) for all cases of flooding in which a single compartment or two or more adjacent compartments are involved. In the case of unsymmetrical arrangements, the calculated A value should be the mean value obtained from calculations involving both sides. Alternatively, it should be taken as that corresponding to the side which evidently gives the least favorable result. (5) Wherever wing compartments are fitted, contribution to the summation indicated by the formula shall be taken for all case s of flooding in which wing compartments are involved. Additionally, cases of simultaneous flooding of a wing compartment or group of compartments and the adjacent inboard compartment or group of compartments but excluding damage of transverse extent great er than one half of the ship breadth B, may be added. For the purpose of this paragraph, transverse extent is measured inboard from ship’s side, at right angles to the centreline at the level of the deepest subdivision draught. (6) In the flooding calcula tions carried out according to the paragraphs, only one breach of the hull and only one free surface need to be assumed. The assumed vertical extent of damage is to extend from the baseline upwards to any watertight horizontal subdivision above the wate rline or higher. However, if a lesser extent of damage shall give a more severe result; such extent is to be assumed. (7) If pipes, ducts or tunnels are situated within the assumed extent of damage, arrangements are to be made to ensure that progressive flooding cannot thereby extend to compartments other than those assumed flooded. However, the Director -General may permit minor progressive flooding if it is demonstrated that its effects can be easily controlled and the safety of the ship is not impaired. 22. Calculation of the factor pi. - (1) The factor pi for a compartment or group of compartments shall be calculated in accordance with this sub -paragraph (1) and sub -paragraphs (2) and (3) of this paragraph using the following notations: j = the aftmost dam age zone number involved in the damage starting with No.1 at the stern; n = the number of adjacent damage zones involved in the damage; k = is the number of a particular longitudinal bulkhead as barrier for transverse penetration in a damage zone counted from shell towards the centre line. The shell has k = 0; x1 = the distance from the aft terminal of Ls to the aft end of the zone in question; x2 = the distance from the aft terminal of Ls to the forward end of the zone in question; b = the mean transver se distance in meters measured at right angles to the centreline at the deepest subdivision loadline between the shell and an assumed vertical plane extended between the longitudinal limits used in calculating the factor pi and which is a tangent to, or co mmon with, all or part of the outermost portion of the longitudinal bulkhead under consideration. This vertical plane shall be so orientated that the mean transverse distance to the shell is a maximum, but not more than twice the least distance between th e plane and the shell. If the upper part of a longitudinal bulkhead is below the deepest subdivision loadline the vertical plane used for determination of b is assumed to extend upwards to the deepest subdivision waterline. In any case, b is not to be tak en greater than B/2. If the damage involves a single zone only: pi=p(x1j,x2j)×[r(x1j,x2j,bk)−r(x1j,x2j,bk−1)] If the damage involves two adjacent zones: pi=p(x1j,x2j+1)×[r(x1j,x2j+1,bk)−r((x1j,x2j+1,bk−1)]−p(x1j,x2j) ×[r(x1j+1,x2j,bk)−r((x1j,x2j,bk−1)]−p(x1j+1,x2j+1) ×[r(x1j+1,x2j+1,bk)−r((x1j+1,x2j+1,bk−1)] If the damage involves three or more adjacent zones: pi=p(x1j,x2j+n−1)×[r(x1j,x2j+n−1,bk)−r((x1j,x2j+n−1,bk−1)]− p(x1j,x2j+n−2)×[r(x1j,x2j+n−2,bk)−r((x1j,x2j+n−2,bk−1)]− p(x1j+1,x2j+n−1)×[r(x1j+1,x2j+n−1,bk)−r((x1j+1,x2j+n−1,bk−1)]+ p(x1j+1,x2j+n−2)×[r(x1j+1,x2j+n−2,bk)−r((x1j+1,x2j+n−2,bk−1)] and where r(x1, x2, b0) = 0 (1) The factor p(x1, x2) is to be calculated according to the following formulae: Overall normalized max damage length: Jmax = 10/33 Knuckle point in the distribution: Jkn = 5/33 Cumulati ve probability at Jkn: pk = 11/12 Maximum absolute damage length: lmax = 60 m Length where normalized distribution ends: L* = 260 m Probability density at J = 0: bo=2(pk Jkn−1−pk Jmax −Jkn) When L s  L*: Jm=min {Jmax,lmax Ls} Jk=Jm 2+1−√1+(1−2pk)boJm+14⁄bo2Jm2 bo b12 = b o When L s > L*: Jm∗=min {Jmax,lmax L∗} Jk∗=Jm∗ 2+1−√1+(1−2pk)boJm∗+14⁄bo2Jm∗2 bo Jm=Jm∗.L∗ Ls Jk=Jk∗.L∗ Ls b12=2(pk Jk−1−pk Jm−Jk) b11=4(1−pk (Jm−Jk)Jk−2pk Jk2) b21=−2(1−pk (Jm−Jk)2) b22=−b21Jm The non -dimensional damage length: J=(x2−x1) Ls The normalized length of a compartment or group of compartments: Jn is to be taken as the lesser of J and J m. (2) Where neither limit of the compartment or group of compartments under consideration coincides with the aft or forward terminals: J  Jk: p(x1,x2)=p1=1 6J2(b11J+3b12) J > J k: p(x1,x2)=p2 =−1 3b11Jk3+1 2(b11J−b12)Jk2+b12JJk−1 3b21(Jn3−Jk3) +1 2(b21J−b22)(Jn2−Jk2)+b22J(Jn−Jk) (3) Where the aft limit of the compartment or g roup of compartments under consideration coincides with the aft terminal or the forward limit of the compartment or group of compartments under consideration coincides with the forward terminal: J  Jk: p(x1,x2)=1 2(p1+J) J  Jk: p(x1,x2)=1 2(p2+J) (4) Where the compartment or groups of compartments considered extends over the entire subdivision length (L s): p (x1, x2) = 1 1The factor r(x1, x2, b) shall be determined by the following formulae: r(x1,x2,b)=1−(1−C)[1−G p(x1,x2)] Where, C=12Jb(−45Jb+4) where, Jb=b 15B (5) Where the compartment or groups of compartments considered extends over the entire subdivision length (L s); G=G1=1 2b11Jb2+b12Jb (6) Where neither limit of the compartment or group of compartments under c onsideration coincides with the aft or forward terminals: G=G2=−1 3b11J03+1 2(b11J−b12)Jo2+b12JJo Jo=min (J,Jb) (7) Where the aft limit of the compartment or group of compartments under consideration coincodes with the af t terminal or the forward limit of the compartment or group of compartments under consideration coincides with the forward terminal: G=1 2(G2+G1.J) 23. Calculation of the factor sub -division index (si) - (1) The factor si shall be determined for each case of assumed flooding, involving a compartment or group of compartments, in accordance with the following notations and the provisions in this paragraph. θe is the equilibrium heel angle in any stage of flooding, in degrees; θv is the angle, in any sta ge of flooding, where the righting lever becomes negative, or the angle at which an opening incapable of being closed weathertight becomes submerged; GZmax is the maximum positive righting lever, in metres, up to the angle θ v; Range is the range of positiv e righting levers, in degrees, measured from the angle θ e. The positive range is to be taken up to the angle θ v; Flooding stage is any discrete step during the flooding process, including the stage before equalization (if any) until final equilibrium has b een reached. The factor si, for any damage case at any initial loading condition, di, shall be obtained from the formula: si=minimum {sintermediate ,i or sfinal ,i smom ,i} where: Sintermediate ,i is the probability to survive all intermediat e flooding stages until the final equilibrium stage, and is calculated in accordance with sub - paragraph (2) of this paragraph Sfinall,i is the probability to survive in the final equilibrium stage of flooding. It is calculated in accordance with sub -paragr aph (3) of this paragraph smom,i is the probability to survive heeling moments, and is calculated in accordance with sub -paragraph (4) of this paragraph (2) cargo ships fitted with cross -flooding devices, the factor Sintermediate, I is taken as the least of the s -factors obtained from all flooding stages including the stage before equalization, if any, and is to be calculated as follows: Sintermediate ,i=[GZmax 0.05×Range 7]14⁄ where GZ max is not to be taken as more than 0.05 m and Range as not more than 7°. s intermediate,i = 0, if the intermediate heel angle 30° for cargo ships. For cargo ships not fitted with cross -flooding devices the factor sintermediate,i is taken as unity, except if the Director -General considers that the stability in inter mediate stages of flooding may be insufficient, it should require further investigation thereof. (3) The factor sfinal,i shall be obtained from the formula: sfinal ,i=K[GZmax TGZ max×Range TRange]1 where, GZmax is not to be taken as more t han TGZ max; Range is not to be taken as more than TRange; TGZ max = 0.12 m, otherwise; TRange = 16º, otherwise; k=1 if θe≤θmin k=0 if θe≥θmin k=√θmax −θe θmax −θmin otherwise, θmin 25° for cargo ships; and θmax 30° for cargo ships. (4) The factor smom,i is applicable only to passenger ships (for cargo ships smom,i shall be taken as unity) and shall be calculated at the final equilibrium from the formula: smom ,i=(GZmax −0.04)×Displacement Mheel where: Displacemen t is the intact displacement at the subdivision draught; Mheel is the maximum assumed heeling moment as calculated in accordance with Sub-paragraph (4) clause (a) of this paragraph and, (a) smom,i ≤ 1The heeling moment M heel is to be calculated as follows: Mheel = maximum { M wind or M Survivalcraft } (i) Mwind is the maximum assumed wind force acting in a damage situation: Mwind = (P · A · Z) / 9.806 (tm) where: P = 120 N/ m2; A = projected lateral area above waterline; Z = distance from centre of lateral project ed area above waterline to T/2; and T = ship’s draught, di. (b) MSurvivalcraft is the maximum assumed heeling moment due to the launching of all fully loaded davit -launched survival craft on one side of the ship. It shall be calculated using the following ass umptions: (i) all lifeboats and rescue boats fitted on the side to which the ship has heeled after having sustained damage shall be assumed to be swung out fully loaded and ready for lowering; (ii) for lifeboats which are arranged to be launched fully loaded from the stowed position, the maximum heeling moment during launching shall be taken; (iii) a fully loaded davit -launched liferaft attached to each davit on the side to which the ship has heeled after having sustained damage shall be assumed to be swung out ready fo r lowering; (iv) persons not in the life -saving appliances which are swung out shall not provide either additional heeling or righting moment; and (v) life-saving appliances on the side of the ship opposite to the side to which the ship has heeled shall be assumed to be in a stowed position. (5) Unsymmetrical flooding is to be kept to a minimum consistent with the efficient arrangements. Where it is necessary to correct large angles of heel, the means adopted shall, where practicable, be self -acting, but in any case, wh ere controls to equalization devices are provided they shall be operable from above the Freeboard deck. These fittings together with their controls shall be acceptable to the Director -General. Suitable information concerning the use of equalization devices shall be supplied to the master of the ship. (a) Tanks and compartments taking part in such equalization shall be fitted with air pipes or equivalent means of sufficient cross -section to ensure that the flow of water into the equalization compartments is not delayed. (b) In all cases, factor si is to be taken as zero in those cases where the final waterline, taking into account sinkage, heel and trim, immerses: (i) the lower edge of openings through which progressive flooding may take place and such flooding is not ac counted for in the calculation of factor si. Such openings shall include air -pipes, ventilators and openings which are closed by means of weathertight doors or hatch covers; and (c) The factor si is to be taken as zero if, taking into account sinkage, heel and trim, any of the following occur in any intermediate stage or in the final stage of flooding: (i) immersion of any vertical escape hatch in the freeboard deck intended for compliance with chapter VIII to XIV ; (ii) any controls intended for the operation of watert ight doors, equalization devices, valves on piping or on ventilation ducts intended to maintain the integrity of watertight bulkheads from above the freeboard deck become inaccessible or inoperable; (iii) immersion of any part of piping or ventilation ducts carr ied through a watertight boundary that is located within any compartment included in damage cases contributing to the attained index A, if not fitted with watertight means of closure at each boundary. (d) However, where compartments assumed flooded due to progressive flooding are taken into account in the damage stability calculations multiple values of sintermediate,i may be calculated assuming equalization in additional flooding phases. (e) Except as provided in clause (c) of sub -paragraph (5) of this paragraph, openings closed by means of watertight manhole covers and flush scuttles, small watertight hatch covers, remotely operated sliding watertight doors, side scuttles of the non -opening type as well as watertight access doors and hatch covers required to be ke pt closed at sea need not be considered. (6) Where horizontal watertight boundaries are fitted above the waterline under consideration the s -value calculated for the lower compartment or group of compartments shall be obtained by multiplying the value as dete rmined in Sub -paragraph (1) of this paragraph by the reduction factor vm according to Sub -paragraph (6) clause (a) of this paragraph, which represents the probability that the spaces above the horizontal subdivision shall not be flooded. (a) The factor vm sha ll be obtained from the formula: vm=v(Hj,n,m,d)−v(Hj,n,m−1,d) where: Hj, n, m is the least height above the baseline, in metres, within the longitudinal range of x1(j)...x2(j+n -1) of the mth horizontal boundary which is assumed to limit the vertic al extent of flooding for the damaged compartments under consideration; Hj, n, m -1 is the least height above the baseline, in metres, within the longitudinal range of x1(j)...x2(j+n -1) of the (m -1)th horizontal boundary which is assumed to limit the verti cal extent of flooding for the damaged compartments under consideration; j signifies the aft terminal of the damaged compartments under consideration; m represents each horizontal boundary counted upwards from the waterline under consideration; d is the d raught in question as defined in rule 3; and x1 and x2 represent the terminals of the compartment or group of compartments considered in paragraph 22. (7) The factors 𝐯(𝐇𝐣,𝐧,𝐦,𝐝) and 𝐯(𝐇𝐣,𝐧,𝐦−𝟏,𝐝)shall be obtained from the formulae: v(H,d)=0.8(H−d) 7.8 if (Hm -d) is less than, or equal to, 7.8 meters; v(H,d)=0.8+0.2(H−d)−7.8 4.7 in all other cases where: v(Hj, n, m, d) is to be taken as 1, if Hm coincides with the uppermost watertight boundary of the ship within the range (x1(j)...x2(j +n-1)), and v(Hj, n, 0, d) is to be taken as 0. In no case is vm to be taken as less than zero or more than 1. (8) In general, each contribution dA to the index A in the case of horizontal subdivisions is obtained from the formula: dA = p i . [v1 . smin1 + (v 2 – v1) . s min2 + …. + /(1-vm-1) . s minm] where: vm = the v -value calculated in accordance with paragraph 11.6.1; smin = the least s -factor for all combinations of damages obtained when the assumed damage extends from the assumed damage height Hm downwards . 24. Permeability. — (1) For the purpose of the subdivision and damage stability calculations of the paragraphs, the permeability of each general compartment or part of a compartment shall be as follows: Spaces Permeability Appropriated to stores 0.60 Occupied by accommodation 0.95 Occupied by machinery 0.85 Void spaces 0.95 Intended for liquids 0 or 0.95* [*Whichever results in the more severe requirement.] (2) For the purpose of the subdivision and damage stability calculations of the paragraphs, the permeability of each cargo compartment or part of a compartment shall be as follows: Spaces Permeability at draught ds Permeability at draught dp Permeability at draught dl Dry Cargo spaces 0.70 0.80 0.95 Container spaces 0.70 0.80 0.95 Ro-ro spaces 0.90 0.90 0.95 Cargo liquids 0.70 0.80 0.95 (3) Other figures for permeability may be used if substantiated by calculations. 25. Double bottoms in cargo ships other than tankers. — (1) A double bottom shall be fitted extending from the collision bulkhead to the afterpeak bulkhead, as far as this is practicable and compatible with the design and proper working of the ship. (2) Where a double bottom is required to be fitted the inner bottom shall be continued out to the ship’s sides in such a manner as to protect the bottom to the turn of the bilge. Such protection shall be deemed satisfactory if the inner bottom is not lower at any part than a plane parallel with the keel line and which is located not less than a vertical distance h measured from the keel line, as calculated by the formula: h = B/20 However, in no case is the value of h to be less than 760 millimeters and need not be taken as more than 2,000 millimeters. (3) Small wells constructed in the double bottom in connection with drainage arrangements shall not extend downward more than necessary. The vertical distance from the bottom of such a well to a plane coinciding with the keel line shall not be less than h/2 or 500 millimeters , whichever is greater, or compliance with Sub -paragraph (7) of this paragraph shall b e shown for that part of the ship. Other wells (e.g. for lubricating oil under main engines) may be permitted by the Director -General if satisfied that the arrangements give protection equivalent to that afforded by a double bottom complying with this paragraph. (a) For a cargo ship of 80 meters in length and upwards, proof of equivalent protection is to be shown by demonstrating that the ship is capable of withstanding bottom damages as specified in sub - paragraph (7). Alternatively, wells for lubricating oil b elow main engines may protrude into the double bottom below the boundary line defined by the distance h provided that the vertical distance between the well bottom and a plane coinciding with the keel line is not less than h/2 or 500 millimeters , whichever is greater. (b) For cargo ships of less than 80 meters in length the arrangements shall provide a level of safety to the satisfaction of the Director - General. (4) A double bottom need not be fitted in way of watertight tanks, including dry tanks of moderate size, provided the safety of the ship is not impaired in the event of bottom or side damage. (5) Any part of a cargo ship of 80 meters in length and upwards that is not fitted with a double bottom in accordance with sub -paragraph (1), (4), as specifie d in sub -paragraph (2) of this paragraph, shall be capable of withstanding bottom damages, as specified in sub - paragraph (7) of this paragraph, in that part of the ship. For cargo ships of less than 80 meters in length the alternative arrangements shall provide a level of safety to the satisfaction of the Director -General . (6) In the case of unusual bottom arrangements in a cargo ship of 80 meters in length and upwards, it shall be demonstrated that the ship is capable of withstanding bottom damages as spe cified in sub - paragraph (7) of this paragraph. For cargo ships of less than 80 meters in length the alternative arrangements shall provide a level of safety to the satisfaction of the Director -General . (7) Compliance with sub -paragraphs (3), sub -paragraphs (5) or (6) of this paragraph is to be achieved by demonstrating that si, when calculated in accordance with paragraph 23, is not less than 1 for all service conditions when subject to a bottom damage assumed at any position along the ship’s bottom and wit h an extent specified in clause (b) below for the affected part of the ship: (c) Flooding of such spaces shall not render emergency power and lighting, internal communication, signals or other emergency devices inoperable in other parts of the ship. (d) Assumed e xtent of damage shall be as follows: For 0.3 from the forward Perpendicular of the ship Any other part of the ship Longitudinal extent 1/3 L 2/3 or 14.5 meters whichever is less 1/3 L 2/3or 14.5 meters whichever is less Transverse extent B/6 or 10 meters, whichever is less B/6 or 5 m eters whichever is less Vertic Vertical extent measure from the keel line B/20, to be taken not less than 0.76 meters and not more than 2 meters B/20, to be taken not less than 0.76 meters and not more than 2 meters (e) If any damage of a lesser extent than the maximum damage specified in clause (b) would result in a more severe condition, such damage should be considered. 26. Const ruction of watertight bulkheads. — (1) Each watertight sub -division bulkhead, whether transverse or longitudinal, shall be constructed having scantlings as specified in sub -rule (109) of rule 3. In all cases, watertight subdivision bulkheads shall be capab le of supporting at least the pressure due to a head of water up to the Freeboard deck. (2) Steps and recesses in watertight bulkheads shall be as strong as the bulkhead at the place where each occurs. 27. Initial testing of watertight bulkheads, etc . — (1) T esting watertight spaces not intended to hold liquids and cargo holds intended to hold ballast by filling them with water is not compulsory. When testing by filling with water is not carried out, a hose test shall be carried out where practicable. This t est shall be carried out in the most advanced stage of the fitting out of the ship. Where a hose test is not practicable because of possible damage to machinery, electrical equipment insulation or outfitting items, it may be replaced by a careful visual e xamination of welded connections, supported where deemed necessary by means such as a dye penetrant test or an ultrasonic leak test or an equivalent test. In any case a thorough inspection of the watertight bulkheads shall be carried out. (2) The forepea k, double bottom (including duct keels) and inner skins shall be tested with water to a head corresponding to the requirements of sub -paragraph (1) of paragraph 26. (3) Tanks which are intended to hold liquids, and which form part of the watertight subdivi sion of the ship, shall be tested for tightness and structural strength with water to a head corresponding to its design pressure. The water head is in no case to be less than the top of the air pipes or to a level of 2.4 meters above the top of the tank, whichever is the greater. (4) The tests referred to in sub -paragraphs (2) and (3) are for the purpose of ensuring that the subdivision structural arrangements are watertight and are not to be regarded as a test of the fitness of any compartment for the st orage of oil fuel or for other special purposes for which a test of a superior character may be required depending on the height to which the liquid has access in the tank or its connections. 28. Peak and machinery space bulkheads, shaft tunnels, etc. — (1) A collision bulkhead shall be fitted which shall be watertight up to the freeboard deck. This bulkhead shall be located at a distance from the forward perpendicular of not less than 0.05L or 10 meters, whichever is the less, and, except as may be permitted by the Director -General, not more than 0.08L or 0.05L + 3 m, whichever is the greater. (2) The ship shall be so designed that si calculated in accordance with paragraph 23 shall not be less than 1 at the deepest subdivision draught loading condition, lev el trim or any forward trim loading conditions, if any part of the ship forward of the collision bulkhead is flooded without vertical limits. (3) Where any part of the ship below the waterline extends forward of the forward perpendicular, e.g. a bulbous bo w, the distances stipulated in sub -paragraph (1) shall be measured from a point either: (a) at the mid -length of such extension; (b) at a distance 0.015L forward of the forward perpendicular; or (c) at a distance 3 meters forward of the forward perpendicular, whiche ver gives the smallest measurement. (4) The bulkhead may have steps or recesses provided they are within the limits prescribed in sub -paragraph (1) or (3). (5) No doors, manholes, access openings, ventilation ducts or any other openings shall be fitted in the collision bulkhead below the bulkhead deck. (6) Except as provided in clause(b) of sub -paragraph(6), the collision bulkhead may be pierced below the freeboard deck by not more than one pipe for dealing with fluid in the forepeak tank, provided that the pipe is fitted with a screw -down valve capable of being operated from above the freeboard deck, the valve chest being secured inside the forepeak to the collision bulkhead. The Director -General may, however, authorize the fitting of this valve on the afte r side of the collision bulkhead provided that the valve is readily accessible under all service conditions and the space in which it is located is not a cargo space. All valves shall be of steel, bronze or other approved ductile material. Valves of ordin ary cast iron or similar material are not acceptable. (a) For ships constructed on or after the 1st January, 2024, except as provided in clause (b) of sub -paragraph (6), the collision bulkhead may be pierced below the the freeboard deck by not more than one pipe for dealing with fluid in the forepeak tank, provided that the pipe is fitted with a remotely controlled valve capable of being operated from above the freeboard deck. The valve shall be normally closed. If the remote -control system fail during operatio n of the valve, the valve shall close automatically or be capable of being closed manually from a position above the freeboard deck. The valve shall be located at the collision bulkhead on either the forward or aft side, provided the space on the aft side is not a cargo space. The valve shall be of steel, bronze or other approved ductile material. Valves of ordinary cast iron or similar material are not acceptable. (b) If the forepeak is divided to hold two different kinds of liquids, the Director -General m ay allow the collision bulkhead to be pierced below the bulkhead deck by two pipes, each of which is fitted as required by clause (a) of sub -paragraph (6), provided the Director - General is satisfied that there is no practical alternative to the fitting of such a second pipe and that, having regard to the additional subdivision provided in the forepeak, the safety of the ship is maintained. (7) Where a long forward superstructure is fitted the collision bulkhead shall be extended weathertight to the deck next ab ove the Freeboard deck. The extension need not be fitted directly above the bulkhead below provided that all parts of the extension, including any part of the ramp attached to it are located within the limits prescribed in sub -paragraph (1) or (3) with th e exception permitted by sub -paragraph (8) and that the part of the deck which forms the step is made effectively weathertight. The extension shall be so arranged as to preclude the possibility of the bow door causing damage to it in the case of damage to , or detachment of, a bow door. (8) Where bow doors are fitted and a sloping loading ramp forms part of the extension of the collision bulkhead above the Freeboard deck the ramp shall be weathertight over its complete length. In cargo ships the part of the ra mp which is more than 2.3 meters above the freeboard deck may extend forward of the limit specified in sub -paragraph (1) or (3). Ramps not meeting the above requirements shall be disregarded as an extension of the collision bulkhead. (9) The number of openings in the extension of the collision bulkhead above the freeboard deck shall be restricted to the minimum compatible with the design and normal operation of the ship. All such openings shall be capable of being closed weathertight. (10) Bulkheads shall be fitted separating the machinery space from cargo and accommodation spaces forward and aft and made watertight up to the Freeboard deck. An afterpeak bulkhead shall also be fitted and made watertight up to the freeboard deck. The afterpeak bulkhead may, however, be stepped below the freeboard deck, provided the degree of safety of the ship as regards sub -division is not thereby diminished (11) In all cases stern tubes shall be enclosed in watertight spaces of moderate volume. In cargo ships other measures to minimize the danger of water penetrating into the ship in case of damage to stern tube arrangements may be taken at the discretion of the Director -General. (29) Openings in watertight bulkheads and internal decks in cargo ships . — (1) The number of openings in watertig ht subdivisions is to be kept to a minimum compatible with the design and proper working of the ship. Where penetrations of watertight bulkheads and internal decks are necessary for access, piping, ventilation, electrical cables, etc., arrangements are to be made to maintain the watertight integrity. The Director -General may permit relaxation in the water tightness of openings above the freeboard deck, provided that it is demonstrated that any progressive flooding can be easily controlled and that the saf ety of the ship is not impaired. (2) Doors provided to ensure the watertight integrity of internal openings which are used while at sea are to be sliding watertight doors capable of being remotely closed from the bridge and are also to be operable locally from each side of the bulkhead. Indicators are to be provided at the control position showing whether the doors are open or closed, and an audible alarm is to be provided at the door closure. The power, control and indicators are to be operable in the event of main power failure. Particular attention is to be paid to minimizing the effect of control system failure. Each power -operated sliding watertight door shall be provided with an individual hand -operated mechanism. It shall be possible to open and clo se the door by hand at the door itself from both sides. (3) Access doors and access hatch covers normally closed at sea, intended to ensure the watertight integrity of internal openings, shall be provided with means of indication locally and on the bridge show ing whether these doors or hatch covers are open or closed. A notice is to be affixed to each such door or hatch cover to the effect that it is not to be left open. (4) Watertight doors or ramps of satisfactory construction may be fitted to internally subdivi de large cargo spaces, provided that the Director - General is satisfied that such doors or ramps are essential. These doors or ramps may be hinged, rolling or sliding doors or ramps, but shall not be remotely controlled. Should any of the doors or ramps b e accessible during the voyage, they shall be fitted with a device which prevents unauthorised opening. (5) Other closing appliances which are kept permanently closed at sea to ensure the watertight integrity of internal openings shall be provided with a noti ce which is to be affixed to each such closing appliance to the effect that it is to be kept closed. Manholes fitted with closely bolted covers need not be so marked. (30) Openings in the shell plating below the freeboard deck of cargo ships . — (1) The number of openings in the shell plating shall be reduced to the minimum compatible with the design and proper working of the ship. (2) The arrangement and efficiency of the means for closing any opening in the shell plating shall be consistent with its intended pur pose and the position in which it is fitted and generally to the satisfaction of the Director -General. (3) Subject to the requirements of the International Convention on Load Lines in force, no sidescuttle shall be fitted in such a position that its sill is below a line drawn parallel to the bulkhead deck at side and having its lowest point 2.5 per cent. of the breadth of the ship above the deepest subdivision draught, or 500 millimeters, whichever is the greater. (a) All sidescuttles the sills of which are below the freeboard deck of cargo ships, as permitted by of sub -paragraph (3), shall be of such construction as shall effectively prevent any person opening them without the consent of the master of the ship. (4) Efficient hinged inside deadlights so arranged that t hey can be easily and effectively closed and secured watertight, shall be fitted to all sidescuttles except that abaft one eighth of the ship’s length from the forward perpendicular and above a line drawn parallel to the bulkhead deck at side and having it s lowest point at a height of 3.7 meters plus 2.5 per cent. of the breadth of the ship above the deepest subdivision draught. (5) No sidescuttles shall be fitted in any spaces which are appropriated exclusively to the carriage of cargo or coal. Sidescuttles ma y, however, be fitted in spaces appropriated alternatively to the carriage of cargo or passengers, but they shall be of such construction as shall effectively prevent any person opening them or their deadlights without the consent of the master. (6) Automatic ventilating sidescuttles shall not be fitted in the shell plating below the freeboard deck of cargo ships without the special sanction of the Director -General. (7) The number of scuppers, sanitary discharges and other similar openings in the shell plating sha ll be reduced to the minimum either by making each discharge serve for as many as possible of the sanitary and other pipes, or in any other satisfactory manner. (8) All inlets and discharges in the shell plating shall be fitted with efficient and accessible ar rangements for preventing the accidental admission of water into the ship. Subject to the requirements of the International Convention on Load Lines in force and the applicable rules made under the Act, and except as provided in clause(c) of sub -paragraph( 8), each separate discharge led through the shell plating from spaces below the freeboard deck of cargo ships shall be provided with either one automatic non - return valve fitted with a positive means of closing it from above the bulkhead deck or with two a utomatic non -return valves without positive means of closing, provided that the inboard valve is situated above the deepest subdivision draught and is always accessible for examination under service conditions. Where a valve with positive means of closing is fitted, the operating position above the bulkhead deck shall always be readily accessible and means shall be provided for indicating whether the valve is open or closed. The requirements of the International Convention on Load Lines in force shall apply to discharges led through the shell plating from spaces above the freeboard deck of cargo ships. Machinery space, main and auxiliary sea inlets and discharges in connection with the operation of machinery shall be fitted with readily accessible valves between the pipes and the shell plating or between the pipes and fabricated boxes attached to the shell plating. In manned machinery spaces the valves may be controlled locally and shall be provided with indicators showing whether th ey are open or closed. Moving parts penetrating the shell plating below the deepest subdivision draught shall be fitted with a watertight sealing arrangement acceptable to the Director -General. The inboard gland shall be located within a watert ight space of such volume that, if flooded, the bulkhead deck shall not be submerged. The Director -General may require that if such compartment is flooded, essential or emergency power and lighting, internal communication, signals or other emergency devic es must remain available in other parts of the ship. All shell fittings and valves required by this paragraph shall be of steel, bronze or other approved ductile material. Valves of ordinary cast iron or similar material are not acceptable. All pipes to which this paragraph refers shall be of steel or other equivalent material to the satisfaction of the Director -General. (9) Gangway, cargo and fuelling ports fitted below the freeboard deck of cargo ships shall be watertight and in no case be so fitt ed as to have their lowest point below the deepest subdivision draught. (10) For ships constructed on or after the 1st January, 2024, cargo ports and other similar openings (e.g. gangway and fuelling ports) in the side of ships below the freeboard deck of cargo ships shall be fitted with doors so designed as to ensure the same watertightness and structural integrity as the surrounding shell plating. Unless otherwise granted by the Director -General , these openings shall open outwards. The number of such openings shall be the minimum compatible with the design and proper working of the ship. In no case shall these openings be so fitted as to have their lowest point below the deepest subdivision draught. (31) External openings in cargo ships. — (1) All external openings leading to compartments assumed intact in the damage analysis, which are below the final damage waterline, are required to be watertight. (2) External openings required to be watertight in accordance with sub - paragraph (1) shall, except for cargo hatch cover s, be fitted with indicators on the bridge. (3) Openings in the shell plating below the deck limiting the vertical extent of damage shall be fitted with a device that prevents unauthorized opening if they are accessible during the voyage. (4) Other closing applian ces which are kept permanently closed at sea to ensure the watertight integrity of external openings shall be provided with a notice affixed to each appliance to the effect that it is to be kept closed. Manholes fitted with closely bolted covers need not be so marked. (32) Construction and initial tests of watertight Closures . — (1) In all ships: (a) the design, materials and construction of all watertight doors, sidescuttles, gangway and cargo ports, valves, pipes, ash -chutes and rubbish -chutes referred to in th ese paragraphs shall be to the satisfaction of the Director -General; (b) such valves, doors and mechanisms shall be suitably marked to ensure that they may be properly used to provide maximum safety; and (c) the frames of vertical watertight doors shall have no groove at the bottom in which dirt might lodge and prevent the door closing properly. (2) Watertight doors and hatches shall be tested by water pressure to the maximum head of water they might sustain in a final or intermediate stage of flooding. For cargo sh ips not covered by damage stability requirements, watertight doors and hatches shall be tested by water pressure to a head of water measured from the lower edge of the opening to one meter above the freeboard deck. Where testing of individual doors and hat ches is not carried out because of possible damage to insulation or outfitting items, testing of individual doors and hatches may be replaced by a prototype pressure test of each type and size of door or hatch with a test pressure corresponding at least to the head required for the individual location. The prototype test shall be carried out before the door or hatch is fitted. The installation method and procedure for fitting the door or hatch on board shall correspond to that of the prototype test. When fi tted on board, each door or hatch shall be checked for proper seating between the bulkhead, the frame and the door or between deck, the coaming and the hatch. (33) Construction and initial tests of watertight decks, trunks, etc . — (1) Watertight decks, trunks, tunnels, duct keels and ventilators shall be of the same strength as watertight bulkheads at corresponding levels. The means used for making them watertight, and the arrangements adopted for closing openings in them, shall be to the satisfaction of the Di rector -General. Watertight ventilators and trunks shall be carried at least up to the freeboard deck in cargo ships. (2) After completion, a hose or flooding test shall be applied to watertight decks and a hose test to watertight trunks, tunnels and ventilato rs. (34) Loading of Ships – (1) On completion of loading of the ship and prior to its departure, the master shall determine the ship's trim and stability and also ascertain and record that the ship is upright and in compliance with stability criteria in relevan t regulations. The determination of the ship's stability shall always be made by calculation or by ensuring that the ship is loaded according to one of the precalculated loading conditions within the approved stability information. The Director -General may accept the use of an electronic loading and stability computer or equivalent means for this purpose. (2) Water ballast should not in general be carried in tanks intended for oil fuel. In ships in which it is not practicable to avoid putting water in oil fuel tanks, oily -water separating equipment to the satisfaction of the Director -General shall be fitted, or other alternative means, such as discharge to shore facilities, acceptable to the Director -General shall be provided for disposing of the oily -water bal last. (3) The provisions of this paragraph are without prejudice to the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 73/78 of the International Maritime Organization along with its Protocols and Amendments, as applicable. CHAPTER - V STABILITY MANAGEMENT (35) Damage control information .— (1) There shall be permanently exhibited, or readily available on the navigation bridge, for the guidance of the officer in charge of the ship, plans showing clearly for each deck and hold the boundaries of the watertight compartments, the openings therein with the means of closure and position of any controls thereof, and the arrangements for the correction of any list due to flooding. In addition, booklets containing the aforementioned information shall b e made available to the officers of the ship. (2) General precautions to be included shall consist of a listing of equipment, conditions, and operational procedures, considered by the Director - General to be necessary to maintain watertight integrity under norm al ship operations. (3) Specific precautions to be included shall consist of a listing of elements (i.e. closures, security of cargo, sounding of alarms, etc.) considered by the Director -General to be vital to the survival of the ship, passengers and crew. (4) In case of ships to which damage stability requirements applies, damage stability information shall provide the master a simple and easily understandable way of assessing the ship’s survivability in all damage cases involving a compartment or group of compa rtments. (36) Prevention and control of water ingress, etc. — (1) All watertight doors shall be kept closed during navigation except that they may be opened during navigation as specified in Sub -paragraph (3). Any door which is opened in accordance with this paragraph shall be ready to be immediately closed. (2) Watertight doors located below the freeboard deck of cargo ships having a maximum clear opening width of more than 1.2 meters shall be kept closed during navigation, except for limited periods when absolu tely necessary as determined by the Director -General. (3) A watertight door may be opened during navigation to permit the passage of passengers or crew, or when work in the immediate vicinity of the door necessitates it being opened. The door must be immediate ly closed when transit through the door is complete or when the task which necessitated it being open is finished. The Director - General shall authorise that such a watertight door may be opened during navigation only after careful consideration of the impa ct on ship operations and survivability taking into account guidance issued by the organisation . A watertight door permitted to be opened during navigation shall be clearly indicated in the ship's stability information and shall always be ready to be immed iately closed. (4) Portable plates on bulkheads shall always be in place before the voyage commences and shall not be removed during navigation except in case of urgent necessity at the discretion of the master. The necessary precautions shall be taken in repl acing them to ensure that the joints are watertight. Power -operated sliding watertight doors permitted in machinery spaces shall be closed before the voyage commences and shall remain closed during navigation except in case of urgent necessity at the discr etion of the master. (5) Watertight doors fitted in watertight bulkheads dividing cargo spaces on tween decks shall be closed before the voyage commences and shall be kept closed during navigation. The time at which such doors are opened or closed shall be rec orded in such logbook as may be prescribed by the Director -General. (6) For ships subject to the provisions of regulation 1.1.1.1 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974 and constructed before the 1st January, 2024, gangway, cargo and f uelling ports fitted below the bulkhead deck of passenger ships and the freeboard deck of cargo ships shall be effectively closed and secured watertight before the voyage commences, and shall be kept closed during navigation. (7) For ships constructed on or af ter the 1st January, 2024, gangway, cargo and fuelling ports fitted below the bulkhead deck of passenger ships and the freeboard deck of cargo ships and all watertight hatches shall be effectively closed and secured watertight before the voyage commences a nd shall be kept closed during navigation. However, the master may permit a watertight hatch to be opened during navigation for a limited period of time sufficient to permit passage or for access. It shall then be closed. (8) The following doors, located above the freeboard deck of cargo ships, shall be closed and locked before the voyage commences and shall remain closed and locked until the ship is at its next berth: (a) cargo loading doors in the shell or the boundaries of enclosed superstructures; (b) bow visors fi tted in positions as indicated in clause (a) of sub - paragraph (8) (c) cargo loading doors in the collision bulkhead; and (d) ramps forming an alternative closure to those defined clause (a) to clause (c) of sub -paragraph (8) inclusive (9) Provided that where a door c annot be opened or closed while the ship is at the berth such a door may be opened or left open while the ship approaches or draws away from the berth, but only so far as may be necessary to enable the door to be immediately operated. In any case, the inne r bow door must be kept closed. (10) Notwithstanding the requirements of sub-paragraph (8), the Director - General may authorize that particular doors can be opened at the discretion of the master, if necessary for the operation of the ship or the embarking and d isembarking of passengers when the ship is at safe anchorage and provided that the safety of the ship is not impaired. (11) The master shall ensure that an effective system of supervision and reporting of the closing and opening of the doors referred to in sub- paragraph (8) is implemented. (12) The master shall ensure, before any voyage commences, that an entry in such log -book as may be prescribed by the Director -General is made of the time the doors specified in sub-paragraph (13) are closed and the time at which p articular doors are opened in accordance with sub- paragraph (14). (13) Hinged doors, portable plates, sidescuttles, gangway, cargo and bunkering ports and other openings, which are required by these regulations to be kept closed during navigation, shall be clos ed before the voyage commences. The time at which such doors are opened and closed (if permissible under these regulations) shall be recorded in such log -book as may be prescribed by the Director -General. (14) Where in a between -deck, the sills of any of the si descuttles referred to in clause (a) of sub -paragraph (3) paragraph 30 are below a line drawn parallel to the freeboard deck at side of cargo ships, and having its lowest point 1.4 meters plus 2.5 per cent. of the breadth of the ship above the water when t he voyage commences, all the sidescuttles in that between -deck shall be closed watertight and locked before the voyage commences, and they shall not be opened before the ship arrives at the next port. In the application of this paragraph the appropriate al lowance for fresh water may be made when applicable. (a) The time at which such sidescuttles are opened in port and closed and locked before the voyage commences shall be recorded in such log -book as may be prescribed by the Director -General. (b) For any ship that has one or more sidescuttles so placed that the requirements of sub -paragraph (14) would apply when it was floating at its deepest subdivision draught, the Director -General may indicate the limiting mean draught at which these sidescuttles shall have thei r sills above the line drawn parallel to the freeboard deck at side of cargo ships, and having its lowest point 1.4 meters plus 2.5 per cent. of the breadth of the ship above the waterline corresponding to the limiting mean draught, and at which it shall t herefore be permissible for the voyage to commence without them being closed and locked and to be opened during navigation on the responsibility of the master. In tropical zones as defined in the International Convention on Load Lines, 1966, this limiting draught may be increased by 0.3 m. (15) Sidescuttles and their deadlights which shall not be accessible during navigation shall be closed and secured before the voyage commences. (16) If cargo is carried in spaces referred to in sub -paragraph (5), of paragraph 30 th e sidescuttles and their deadlights shall be closed watertight and locked before the cargo is shipped and the time at which such scuttles and deadlights are closed and locked shall be recorded in such log -book as may be prescribed by the Director -General. (37) Prevention and control of water ingress, etc. in cargo ships. — (1) Openings in the shell plating below the deck limiting the vertical extent of damage shall be kept permanently closed while at sea. (2) Notwithstanding the requirements of sub -paragraph (3), t he Director - General may authorize that particular doors may be opened at the discretion of the master, if necessary for the operation of the ship and provided that the safety of the ship is not impaired. (3) Watertight doors or ramps fitted internally subdivid e large cargo spaces shall be closed before the voyage commences and shall be kept closed during navigation. The time at which such doors are opened or closed shall be recorded in such log -book as may be prescribed by the Director -General . (4) The use of acces s doors and hatch covers intended to ensure the watertight integrity of internal openings shall be authorised by the officer of the watch. (38) Water level detectors on single hold cargo ships other than bulk carriers .— (1) Single hold cargo ships other than bu lk carriers constructed before the 1st January, 2007 shall comply with the requirements of this paragraph not later than the 31st December 2009. (2) Ships having a length (L) of less than 80 meters, or 100 meters if constructed before the 1st July, 1998, and a single cargo hold below the freeboard deck or cargo holds below the freeboard deck which are not separated by at least one bulkhead made watertight up to that deck, shall be fitted in such space or spaces with water level detectors. (3) The water l evel detectors required by sub -paragraph (2) shall: (a) give an audible and visual alarm at the navigation bridge when the water level above the inner bottom in the cargo hold reaches a height of not less than 0.3 meters, and another when such level reaches n ot more than 15% of the mean depth of the cargo hold; and (b) be fitted at the aft end of the hold, or above its lowest part where the inner bottom is not parallel to the designed waterline. Where webs or partial watertight bulkheads are fitted above the inner bottom, the Director -General may require the fitting of additional detectors. (4) The water level detectors required by sub -paragraph (2) need not be fitted in ships complying regulation XII/12 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974, o r in ships having watertight side compartments each side of the cargo hold length extending vertically at least from inner bottom to freeboard deck. (39) Water level detectors on Multiple holds cargo ships other than bulk carriers and tankers. — (1) Multiple ho ld cargo ships other than bulk carriers and tankers constructed on or after the 1st January, 2024 shall be fitted with water level detectors in each cargo hold intended for dry cargoes. Water level detectors are not required for cargo holds located entirel y above the freeboard deck. (2) The water level detectors required by sub -paragraph (1) shall: (a) give audible and visual alarms at the navigation bridge, one when the water level above the bottom of the cargo hold reaches a height of not less than 0.3 meters, a nd another at a height not less than 15 per cent. of the depth of the cargo hold but not more than 2 meters; and (b) be fitted at the aft end of the cargo holds. For cargo holds which are occasionally used for water ballast, an alarm overriding device may be i nstalled. The visual alarms shall clearly discriminate between the two different water levels detected in each hold. (3) As an alternative to the water level detector at a height of not less than 0.3 meters as per clause (a) of sub -paragraph (2) a bilge level sensor serving the bilge pumping arrangements required by paragraph 50 and installed in the cargo hold bilge wells or other suitable location is considered acceptable, subject to: (a) the fitting of the bilge level sensor at a height of not less than 0.3 meter s at the aft end of the cargo hold; and (b) the bilge level sensor giving audible and visual alarm at the navigation bridge which is clearly distinctive from the alarm given by the other water level detector fitted in the cargo hold. CHAPTER - VI MACHINERY INSTALLATIONS (40) General. — (1) The machinery, boilers and other pressure ships, associated piping systems and fittings shall be of a design and construction adequate for the service for which they are intended and shall be so installed and protected a s to reduce to a minimum any danger to persons on board, due regard being paid to moving parts, hot surfaces and other hazards. The design shall have regard to materials used in construction, the purpose for which the equipment is intended, the working con ditions to which it shall be subjected and the environmental conditions on board. (2) The Director -General shall give special consideration to the reliability of single essential propulsion components and may require a separate source of propulsion power suff icient to give the ship a navigable speed, especially in the case of unconventional arrangements. (3) Means shall be provided whereby normal operation of propulsion machinery can be sustained or restored even though one of the essential auxiliaries becomes in operative. Special consideration shall be given to the malfunctioning of: (a) generating set which serves as a main source of electrical power; (b) the sources of steam supply; (c) the boiler feed water systems; (d) the fuel oil supply systems for boilers or engines; (e) the sources of lubricating oil pressure; (f) the sources of water pressure; (g) a condensate pump and the arrangements to maintain vacuum in condensers; (h) the mechanical air supply for boilers; (i) an air compressor and receiver for starting or control purposes; (j) the hydraulic, pneumatic or electrical means for control in main propulsion machinery including controllable pitch propellers. However, the Director -General, having regard to overall safety considerations, may accept a partial reduction in propulsion capabi lity from normal operation. (4) Means shall be provided to ensure that the machinery can be brought into operation from the dead ship condition without external aid. (5) All boilers, all parts of machinery, all steam, hydraulic, pneumatic and other sy stems and their associated fittings which are under internal pressure shall be subjected to appropriate tests including a pressure test before being put into service for the first time. (6) Main propulsion machinery and all auxiliary machinery essential to th e propulsion and the safety of the ship shall, as fitted in the ship, be designed to operate when the ship is upright and when inclined at any angle of list up to and including 15° either way under static conditions and 22.5° under dynamic conditions (roll ing) either way and simultaneously inclined dynamically (pitching) 7.5° by bow or stern. The Director -General may permit deviation from these angles, taking into consideration the type, size and service conditions of the ship. (7) Provision shall be made to f acilitate cleaning, inspection and maintenance of main propulsion and auxiliary machinery including boilers and pressure ships. (8) Special consideration shall be given to the design, construction and installation of propulsion machinery systems so that any mo de of their vibrations shall not cause undue stresses in this machinery in the normal operating ranges. (9) Non-metallic expansion joints in piping systems, if located in a system which penetrates the ship’s side and both the penetration and the non - metallic expansion joint are located below the deepest load waterline, shall be inspected as part of the surveys prescribed in Merchant Shipping Act (24 of 2025), the applicable rules made under the Act and replaced as necessary, or at an interval recommended by th e manufacturer. (10) Operating and maintenance instructions and engineering drawings for ship machinery and equipment essential to the safe operation of the ship shall be written in a language understandable by those officers and crew members who are required to understand such information in the performance of their duties. (11) Location and arrangement of vent pipes for fuel oil service, settling and lubrication oil tanks shall be such that in the event of a broken vent pipe this shall not directly lead to the ri sk of ingress of seawater splashes or rainwater. Two fuel oil service tanks for each type of fuel used on board necessary for propulsion and vital systems or equivalent arrangements shall be provided on each new ship, with a capacity of at least 8 h at max imum continuous rating of the propulsion plant and normal operating load at sea of the generator plant. Note: This sub - paragraph applies only to ships constructed on or after the 1st July, 1998. (41) Machinery. — (1) Where risk from over speeding of machinery e xists, means shall be provided to ensure that the safe speed is not exceeded. (2) Where main or auxiliary machinery including pressure ships or any parts of such machinery are subject to internal pressure and may be subject to dangerous overpressure, means s hall be provided where practicable to protect against such excessive pressure. (3) All gearing and every shaft and coupling used for transmission of power to machinery essential for the propulsion and safety of the ship or for the safety of persons on board sh all be so designed and constructed that they shall withstand the maximum working stresses to which they may be subjected in all service conditions, and due consideration shall be given to the type of engines by which they are driven or of which they form p art. (4) Internal combustion engines of a cylinder diameter of 200 millimeters or a crankcase volume of 0.6 m3 and above shall be provided with crankcase explosion relief valves of a suitable type with sufficient relief area. The relief valves shall be arrang ed or provided with means to ensure that discharge from them is so directed as to minimise the possibility of injury to personnel. (5) Main turbine propulsion machinery and, where applicable, main internal combustion propulsion machinery and auxiliary machine ry shall be provided with automatic shutoff arrangements in the case of failures such as lubricating oil supply failure which could lead rapidly to complete breakdown, serious damage or explosion. In application of sub paragraph (5) concerning mac hinery shut - off arrangements and oil mist detector (OMD) arrangements following approach will be acceptable to Director -General The oil mist detector (OMD) arrangements (or engine bearing temperature monitors or equivalent devices) are part of the automatic shut-off arrangements required by sub -paragraph (5), in the case of medium and high -speed diesel engines of 2,250 kW and above or having cylinders of more than 300 mm bore. For the case of low speed diesel engines of 2,250 kW and above or having cylinders of more than 300 mm bore, the oil mist detector (OMD) arrangements (or engine bearing temperature monitors or equivalent devices) should initiate the alarm and slow down procedures. The consequences of overriding automatic shut -off arrangements should be established and documented. The Director -General may permit provisions for overriding automatic shutoff devices. (42) Means of going astern . — (1) Sufficient power for going astern shall be provided to secure proper control of the ship in all normal circumstances. (2) The ability of the machinery to reverse the direction of thrust of the propeller in sufficient time, and so to bring the ship to rest within a reasonable distance from maximum ahead service speed, shall be demonstrated and recorded. (3) The s topping times, ship headings and distances recorded on trials, together with the results of trials to determine the ability of ships having multiple propellers to navigate and manoeuvre with one or more propellers inoperative, shall be available on board f or the use of the master or designated personnel. (4) Where the ship is provided with supplementary means for manoeuvring or stopping, the effectiveness of such means shall be demonstrated and recorded as referred to in sub -paragraphs (2) and (3). (43) Steering g ear. — (1) Unless expressly provided otherwise, every ship shall be provided with a main steering gear and an auxiliary steering gear to the satisfaction of the Director -General. The main steering gear and the auxiliary steering gear shall be so arranged t hat the failure of one of them shall not render the other one inoperative. (2) All the steering gear components and the rudder stock shall be of sound and reliable construction to the satisfaction of the Director - General. Special consideration shall be given to the suitability of any essential component which is not duplicated. Any such essential component shall, where appropriate, utilize antifriction bearings such as ball -bearings, roller -bearings or sleeve -bearings which shall be permanently lubricated or p rovided with lubrication fittings. The design pressure for calculations to determine the scantlings of piping and other steering gear components subjected to internal hydraulic pressure shall be at least 1.25 times the maximum working pressure to be expected under the operational conditions specified in clause(b) of sub -paragraph (3), taking into account any pressure which may exist in the low -pressure side of the system. At the discretion of the Director -General, fatigue criteria shall be applied for the design of piping and components, taking into account pulsating pressures due to dynamic loads. Relief valves shall be fitted to any part of the hydraulic system which can be isolated and in which pressure can be generated from the power s ource or from external forces. The setting of the relief valves shall not exceed the design pressure. The valves shall be of adequate size and so arranged as to avoid an undue rise in pressure above the design pressure. (3) The main steering gear and rudder s tock shall be: (a) of adequate strength and capable of steering the ship at maximum ahead service speed which shall be demonstrated; (b) capable of putting the rudder over from 35° on one side to 35° on the other side with the ship at its deepest seagoing draugh t and running ahead at maximum ahead service speed and, under the same conditions, from 35° on either side to 30° on the other side in not more than 28 seconds; Where it is impractical to demonstrate compliance with this requirement during sea trials with the ship at its deepest seagoing draught and running ahead at the speed corresponding to the number of maximum continuous revolutions of the main engine and maximum design pitch, ships regardless of date of construction may demonstrate complia nce with this requirement by one of the following methods: (i) During sea trials the ship is at even keel and the rudder fully submerged whilst running ahead at the speed corresponding to the number of maximum continuous revolutions of the main engine and maxi mum design pitch; or (ii) where full rudder immersion during sea trials cannot be achieved, an appropriate ahead speed shall be calculated using the submerged rudder blade area in the proposed sea trial loading condition. The calculated ahead speed shall result in a force and torque applied to the main steering gear which is at least as great as if it was being tested with the ship at its deepest seagoing draught and running ahead at the speed corresponding to the number of maximum continuous revolutions of the main engine and maximum design pitch; or (iii) the rudder force and torque at the sea trial loading condition have been reliably predicted and extrapolated to the full load condition. The speed of the ship shall correspond to the number of maximum continuous re volutions of the main engine and maximum design pitch of the propeller; (c) operated by power where necessary to meet the requirements of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (3) and in any case when the Director -General requires a rudder stock of over 120 millimeters diameter in way of the tiller, excluding strengthening for navigation in ice; and (d) so designed that they shall not be damaged at maximum astern speed; however, this design requirement need not be proved by trials at maximum astern speed and maximum rudder angle. (4) The auxiliary steering gear shall be: (a) of adequate strength and capable of steering the ship at navigable speed and of being brought speedily into action in an emergency; (b) capable of putting the rudder over from 15° on one side to 15° on the other side in not more than 60 s with the ship at its deepest seagoing draught and running ahead at one half of the maximum ahead service speed or 7 knots, whichever is the greater; and where it is impractical to demonstrate compliance with this requirement dur ing sea trials with the ship at its deepest seagoing draught and running ahead at one half of the speed corresponding to the number of maximum continuous revolutions of the main engine and maximum design pitch or 7 knots, whichever is greater, ships regard less of date of construction, including those constructed before 1st January, 2009, may demonstrate compliance with this requirement by one of the following methods: (i) During sea trials the ship is at even keel and the rudder fully submerged whilst running ahead at one half of the speed corresponding to the number of maximum continuous revolutions of the main engine and maximum design pitch or 7 knots, whichever is greater: or (ii) where full rudder immersion during sea trials cannot be achieved, an appropriate a head speed shall be calculated using the submerged rudder blade area in the proposed sea trial loading condition. The calculated ahead speed shall result in a force and torque applied to the auxiliary steering gear which is at least as great as if it was b eing tested with the ship at its deepest seagoing draught and running ahead at one half of the speed corresponding to the number of maximum continuous revolutions of the main engine and maximum design pitch or 7 knots, whichever is greater; or (iii) the rudder f orce and torque at the sea trial loading condition have been reliably predicted and extrapolated to the full load condition; and (c) operated by power where necessary to meet the requirements of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (4) and in any case when the Director -General requires a rudder stock of over 230 millimeters diameter in way of the tiller, excluding strengthening for navigation in ice. (5) Main and auxiliary steering gear power units shall be: (a) arranged to restart automatically when power is restored after a power failure; and (b) capable of being brought into operation from a position on the navigation bridge. In the event of a power failure to any one of the steering gear power units, an audible and visual alarm shall be given on the navigation bridge. (6) Where the main steering gear comprises two or more identical power units, an auxiliary steering gear need not be fitted, provided that: (a) the main steering gear is capable of operating the rudder as required by clause (b) of sub -paragraph (3) while operating with all power units; (b) the main steering gear is so arranged that after a single failure in its piping system or in one of the power units the defect can be isolated so that steering capability can be maintained or speedily regained. (c) Steering gears, other tha n of the hydraulic type, shall achieve standards equivalent to the requirements of this sub - paragraph to the satisfaction of the Director -General. (7) Steering gear control shall be provided: (a) for the main steering gear, both on the navigation bridge and in the steering gear compartment; (b) where the main steering gear is arranged in accordance with sub-paragraph (6), by two independent control systems, both operable from the navigation bridge. This does not require duplication of the steering wheel or steering lever. Where the control system consists of a hydraulic telemotor, a second independent system need not be fitted, except in a tanker, chemical tanker or gas carrier of 10,000 tons gross tonnage and upwards; (c) for the auxiliary steering gear, in the steerin g gear compartment and, if power -operated, it shall also be operable from the navigation bridge and shall be independent of the control system for the main steering gear. (8) Any main and auxiliary steering gear control system operable from the navigation bri dge shall comply with the following: (a) if electric, it shall be served by its own separate circuit supplied from a steering gear power circuit from a point within the steering gear compartment, or directly from switchboard busbars supplying that steering ge ar power circuit at a point on the switchboard adjacent to the supply to the steering gear power circuit; (b) means shall be provided in the steering gear compartment for disconnecting any control system operable from the navigation bridge from the steering g ear it serves; (c) the system shall be capable of being brought into operation from a position on the navigation bridge; (d) in the event of a failure of electrical power supply to the control system, an audible and visual alarm shall be given on the navigation bridge; and (e) short circuit protection only shall be provided for steering gear control supply circuits. (9) The electrical power circuits and the steering gear control systems with their associated components, cables and pipes required by this paragraph and b y paragraph 44 shall be separated as far as is practicable throughout their length. (10) A means of communication shall be provided between the navigation bridge and the steering gear compartment. (11) The angular position of the rudder shall: (a) if the main steerin g gear is power -operated, be indicated on the navigation bridge. The rudder angle indication shall be independent of the steering gear control system; (b) be recognizable in the steering gear compartment. (12) Hydraulic power -operated steering gear shall be provi ded with the following: (a) arrangements to maintain the cleanliness of the hydraulic fluid taking into consideration the type and design of the hydraulic system; (b) a low -level alarm for each hydraulic fluid reservoir to give the earliest practicable indicatio n of hydraulic fluid leakage. Audible and visual alarms shall be given on the navigation bridge and in the machinery space where they can be readily observed; and (c) a fixed storage tank having sufficient capacity to recharge at least one power actuating sys tem including the reservoir, where the main steering gear is required to be power -operated. The storage tank shall be permanently connected by piping in such a manner that the hydraulic systems can be readily recharged from a position within the steering g ear compartment and shall be provided with a contents gauge. (13) The steering gear compartments shall be: (a) readily accessible and, as far as practicable, separated from machinery spaces; and (b) provided with suitable arrangements to ensure working access to ste ering gear machinery and controls. These arrangements shall include handrails and gratings or other non -slip surfaces to ensure suitable working conditions in the event of hydraulic fluid leakage. (14) Where the rudder stock is required to be over 230 millimet er diameter in way of the tiller, excluding strengthening for navigation in ice, an alternative power supply, sufficient at least to supply the steering gear power unit which complies with the requirements of clause (b) of sub - paragraph(4) and also its ass ociated control system and the rudder angle indicator, shall be provided automatically, within 45 second, either from the emergency source of electrical power or from an independent source of power located in the steering gear compartment. This independent source of power shall be used only for this purpose. In every ship of 10,000 tons gross tonnage and upwards, the alternative power supply shall have a capacity for at least 30 minutes of continuous operation and in any other ship for at least 10 minutes. (15) In every tanker, chemical tanker or gas carrier of 10,000 tons gross tonnage and upwards and in every other ship of 70,000 tons gross tonnage and upwards, the main steering gear shall comprise two or more identical power units complying with the provision s of sub - paragraph (6). (16) Every tanker, chemical tanker or gas carrier of 10,000 tons gross tonnage and upwards shall, subject to sub -paragraph (17), comply with the following: (a) the main steering gear shall be so arranged that in the event of loss of steeri ng capability due to a single failure in any part of one of the power actuating systems of the main steering gear, excluding the tiller, quadrant or components serving the same purpose, or seizure of the rudder actuators, steering capability shall be regai ned in not more than 45 seconds after the loss of one power actuating system; (b) the main steering gear shall comprise either: (i) two independent and separate power actuating systems, each capable of meeting the requirements of clause (b) of sub-paragraph (3); or (ii) at least two identical power actuating systems which, acting simultaneously in normal operation, shall be capable of meeting the requirements of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (3); Where necessary to comply with this requirement, interconnection of hydra ulic power actuating systems shall be provided. Loss of hydraulic fluid from one system shall be capable of being detected and the defective system automatically isolated so that the other actuating system or systems shall remain fully operational; (c) steeri ng gears other than of the hydraulic type shall achieve equivalent standards. (17) For tankers, chemical tankers or gas carriers of 10,000 tons gross tonnage and upwards, but of less than 100,000 tonnes deadweight, solutions other than those set out in sub -paragraph (16), which need not apply the single failure criterion to the rudder actuator or actuators, may be permitted provided that an equivalent safety standard is achieved and that: (a) following loss of steering capability due to a single failure of any part of the piping system or in one of the power units, steering capability shall be regained within 45 seconds; and (b) where the steering gear includes only a single rudder actuator, special consideration is given to stress analysis for the design including fat igue analysis and fracture mechanics analysis, as appropriate, to the material used, to the installation of sealing arrangements and to testing and inspection and to the provision of effective maintenance. In consideration of the foregoing, the Director -General shall adopt paragraphs which include the provisions of the Guidelines for acceptance of non - duplicated rudder actuators for tankers, chemical tankers and gas carriers of 10,000 gross tonnage and above but less than 100,000 tonnes deadweight, adopted by organisation. (18) Every tanker, chemical tanker or gas carrier of 10,000 gross tonnage and upwards, constructed before the 1st September, 1984, shall comply, not later than the 1st September 1986, with the following: (a) the requirements of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (7), clause (b) and (d) of sub -paragraph (8), sub -paragraphs (10) and (11), clause (b) and (c) of sub -paragraph (12), clause (b) of sub - paragraph (13); (b) two independent steering gear control systems shall be provided each of which can be operated from the navigation bridge. This does not require duplication of the steering wheel or steering lever; (c) if the steering gear control system in operation fails, the second system shall be capable of being brought into immediate operation from the navigation bridge; and (d) each steering gear control system, if electric, shall be served by its own separate circuit supplied from the steering gear power circuit or directly from switchboard busbars supplying that steering gear power circuit at a point on the switch board adjacent to the supply to the steering gear power circuit. (19) In addition to the requirements of sub -paragraph (18), in every tanker, chemical tanker or gas carrier of 40,000 gross tonnage and upwards, constructed before the 1st September, 1984, the st eering gear shall, not later than the 1st September, 1988, be so arranged that, in the event of a single failure of the piping or of one of the power units, steering capability can be maintained or the rudder movement can be limited so that steering capab ility can be speedily regained. This shall be achieved by : (a) an independent means of restraining the rudder; or (b) fast-acting valves which may be manually operated to isolate the actuator or actuators from the external hydraulic piping together with a means of directly refilling the actuators by a fixed independent power -operated pump and piping system; or (c) an arrangement such that, where hydraulic power systems are interconnected, loss of hydraulic fluid from one system shall be detected and the defective sy stem isolated either automatically or from the navigation bridge so that the other system remains fully operational. (44) Additional requirements for electric and electrohydraulic steering gear . — (1) Means for indicating that the motors of electric and electro -hydraulic steering gear are running shall be installed on the navigation bridge and at a suitable main machinery control position. (2) Each electric or electro -hydraulic steering gear comprising one or more power units shall be served by at least two exclus ive circuits fed directly from the main switchboard; however, one of the circuits may be supplied through the emergency switchboard. An auxiliary electric or electro -hydraulic steering gear associated with a main electric or electro -hydraulic steering gear may be connected to one of the circuits supplying this main steering gear. The circuits supplying an electric or electro -hydraulic steering gear shall have adequate rating for supplying all motors which can be simultaneously connected to them and may be r equired to operate simultaneously. (3) Short circuit protection and an overload alarm shall be provided for such circuits and motors. Protection against excess current, including starting current, if provided, shall be for not less than twice the full load cu rrent of the motor or circuit so protected, and shall be arranged to permit the passage of the appropriate starting currents. Where a three -phase supply is used an alarm shall be provided that shall indicate failure of any one of the supply phases. The ala rms required in this sub -paragraph shall be both audible and visual and shall be situated in a conspicuous position in the main machinery space or control room from which the main machinery is normally controlled and as may be required by paragraph 63. (4) When in a ship of less than 1600 gross tonnage an auxiliary steering gear which is required by clause (c) of sub -paragraph (4) of paragraph 43 to be operated by power is not electrically powered or is powered by an electric motor primarily intended for other services, the main steering gear may be fed by one circuit from the main switchboard. Where such an electric motor primarily intended for other services is arranged to power such an auxiliary steering gear, the requirement of sub -paragraph (3) may be waive d by the Director - General if satisfied with the protection arrangement together with the requirements of clauses (a) and (b) of sub -paragraph(5) and clause (c) of sub -paragraph (7) of paragraph 43 applicable to auxiliary steering gear. (45) Machinery controls . — (1) Main and auxiliary machinery essential for the propulsion and safety of the ship shall be provided with effective means for its operation and control. (2) Where remote control of propulsion machinery from the navigation bridge is provided and the mac hinery spaces are intended to be manned, the following shall apply: (a) the speed, direction of thrust and, if applicable, the pitch of the propeller shall be fully controllable from the navigation bridge under all sailing conditions, including manoeuvring; (b) the remote control shall be performed, for each independent propeller, by a control device so designed and constructed that its operation does not require particular attention to the operational details of the machinery. Where multiple propellers are desig ned to operate simultaneously, they may be controlled by one control device; (c) the main propulsion machinery shall be provided with an emergency stopping device on the navigation bridge which shall be independent of the navigation bridge control system; (d) propulsion machinery orders from the navigation bridge shall be indicated in the main machinery control room or at the manoeuvring platform as appropriate; (e) remote control of the propulsion machinery shall be possible only from one location at a time; at su ch locations interconnected control positions are permitted. At each location there shall be an indicator showing which location is in control of the propulsion machinery. The transfer of control between the navigation bridge and machinery spaces shall be possible only in the main machinery space or the main machinery control room. This system shall include means to prevent the propelling thrust from altering significantly when transferring control from one location to another; (f) it shall be possible to cont rol the propulsion machinery locally, even in the case of failure in any part of the remote control system; (g) the design of the remote control system shall be such that in case of its failure an alarm shall be given. Unless the Director - General considers it impracticable the preset speed and direction of thrust of the propellers shall be maintained until local control is in operation; (h) indicators shall be fitted on the navigation bridge for: (i) propeller speed and direction of rotation in the case of fixed pitch propellers; (ii) propeller speed and pitch position in the case of controllable pitch propellers; (i) an alarm shall be provided on the navigation bridge and in the machinery space to indicate low starting air pressure which shall be set at a level to permit f urther main engine starting operations. If the remote control system of the propulsion machinery is designed for automatic starting, the number of automatic consecutive attempts which fail to produce a start shall be limited in order to safeguard sufficien t starting air pressure for starting locally. (j) automation systems shall be designed in a manner which ensures that threshold warning of impending or imminent slowdown or shutdown of the propulsion system is given to the officer in charge of the navigationa l watch in time to assess navigational circumstances in an emergency. In particular, the systems shall control, monitor, report, alert and take safety action to slow down or stop propulsion while providing the officer in charge of the navigational watch an opportunity to manually intervene, except for those cases where manual intervention shall result in total failure of the engine and/or propulsion equipment within a short time, for example in the case of overspeed. (3) Where the main propulsion and associated machinery, including sources of main electrical supply, are provided with various degrees of automatic or remote control and are under continuous manual supervision from a control room the arrangements and controls shall be so designed, equipped and insta lled that the machinery operation shall be as safe and effective as if it were under direct supervision; for this purpose paragraphs 58 to 62 shall apply as appropriate. Particular consideration shall be given to protect such spaces against fire and flood ing. (4) In general, automatic starting, operational and control systems shall include provisions for manually overriding the automatic controls. Failure of any part of such systems shall not prevent the use of the manual override. (5) Notwithstanding the requi rements of sub -paragraph (1) to (4), ships constructed on or after the 1st July, 1998 shall comply with the following requirements: (a) Main and auxiliary machinery essential for the propulsion, control and safety of the ship shall be provided with effective means for its operation and control. All control systems essential for the propulsion, control and safety of the ship shall be independent or designed such that failure of one system does not degrade the performance of another system. (b) Where remote control o f propulsion machinery from the navigating bridge is provided, the following shall apply: (i) the speed, direction of thrust and, if applicable, the pitch of the propeller shall be fully controllable from the navigating bridge under all sailing conditions, inc luding manoeuvring; (ii) The control shall be performed by a single control device for each independent propeller, with automatic performance of all associated services, including, where necessary, means of preventing overload of the propulsion machinery. (iii) The m ain propulsion machinery shall be provided with an emergency stopping device on the navigating bridge which shall be independent of the navigating bridge control system. (iv) Propulsion machinery orders from the navigation bridge shall be indicated in the main machinery control room and at the manoeuvring platform. (v) remote control of the propulsion machinery shall be possible only from one location at a time; at such locations interconnected control positions are permitted. At each location there shall be an indi cator showing which location is in control of the propulsion machinery. The transfer of control between the navigating bridge and machinery spaces shall be possible only in the main machinery space or the main machinery control room. This system shall incl ude means to prevent the propelling thrust from altering significantly when transferring control from one location to another. (vi) It shall be possible to control the propulsion machinery locally, even in the case of failure in any part of the remote -control s ystem. It shall also be possible to control the auxiliary machinery, essential for the propulsion and safety of the ship, at or near the machinery concerned. (vii) The design of the remote -control system shall be such that in case of its failure an alarm shall b e given. Unless the Director -General considers it impracticable the preset speed and direction of thrust of the propellers shall be maintained until local control is in operation. (viii) indicators shall be fitted on the navigation bridge, the main machinery cont rol room and at the manoeuvring platform, for: (A) propeller speed and direction of rotation in the case of fixed pitch propellers; and (B) propeller speed and pitch position in the case of controllable pitch propellers. (ix) An alarm shall be provided on the navigatin g bridge and in the machinery space to indicate low starting air pressure which shall be set at a level to permit further main engine starting operations. If the remote -control system of the propulsion machinery is designed for automatic starting, the numb er of automatic consecutive attempts which fail to produce a start shall be limited in order to safeguard sufficient starting air pressure for starting locally. (c) Where the main propulsion and associated machinery, including sources of main electrical supply , are provided with various degrees of automatic or remote control and are under continuous manual supervision from a control room, the arrangements and controls shall be so designed, equipped and installed that the machinery operation shall be as safe and effective as if it were under direct supervision; for this purpose paragraphs 58 to 62 shall apply as appropriate. Particular consideration shall be given to protect such spaces against fire and flooding. (d) In general, automatic starting, operational and c ontrol systems shall include provisions for manually overriding the automatic controls. Failure of any part of such systems shall not prevent the use of the manual override. (46) Steam boilers and boiler feed systems. — (1) Every steam boiler and every unfired steam generator shall be provided with not less than two safety valves of adequate capacity. However, having regard to the output or any other features of any boiler or unfired steam generator, the Director - General may permit only one safety valve to be fi tted if it is satisfied that adequate protection against overpressure is thereby provided. (2) Each oil -fired boiler which is intended to operate without manual supervision shall have safety arrangements which shut off the fuel supply and give an alarm in th e case of low water level, air supply failure or flame failure. (3) Water tube boilers serving turbine propulsion machinery shall be fitted with a high -water -level alarm. (4) Every steam generating system which provides services essential for the safety of the s hip, or which could be rendered dangerous by the failure of its feedwater supply, shall be provided with not less than two separate feedwater systems from and including the feed pumps, noting that a single penetration of the steam drum is acceptable. Unles s overpressure is prevented by the pump characteristics, means shall be provided which shall prevent over - pressure in any part of the systems. (5) Boilers shall be provided with means to supervise and control the quality of the feedwater. Suitable arrangement s shall be provided to preclude, as far as practicable, the entry of oil or other contaminants which may adversely affect the boiler. (6) Every boiler essential for the safety of the ship and designed to contain water at a specified level shall be provided wi th at least two means for indicating its water level, at least one of which shall be a direct reading gauge glass. (47) Steam pipe systems. — (1) Every steam pipe and every fitting connected thereto through which steam may pass shall be so designed, constructe d and installed as to withstand the maximum working stresses to which it may be subjected. (2) Means shall be provided for draining every steam pipe in which dangerous water hammer action might otherwise occur. (3) If a steam pipe or fitting may receive steam f rom any source at a higher pressure than that for which it is designed a suitable reducing valve, relief valve and pressure gauge shall be fitted. (48) Air pressure systems . — (1) In every ship means shall be provided to prevent overpressure in any part of com pressed air systems and wherever water jackets or casings of air compressors and coolers might be subjected to dangerous overpressure due to leakage into them from air pressure parts. Suitable pressure relief arrangements shall be provided for all systems. (2) The main starting air arrangements for main propulsion internal combustion engines shall be adequately protected against the effects of backfiring and internal explosion in the starting air pipes. (3) All discharge pipes from starting air compressors shall lead directly to the starting air receivers, and all starting pipes from the air receivers to main or auxiliary engines shall be entirely separate from the compressor discharge pipe system. (4) Provision shall be made to reduce to a minimum the entry of oil into the air pressure systems and to drain these systems. (49) Ventilating systems in machinery spaces. — Machinery spaces of category A shall be adequately ventilated so as to ensure that when machinery or boilers therein are operating at full power in all we ather conditions including heavy weather, an adequate supply of air is maintained to the spaces for the safety and comfort of personnel and the operation of the machinery. Any other machinery space shall be adequately ventilated appropriate for the purpose of that machinery space. (50) Bilge Pumping arrangements in cargo ships . — (1) This paragraph applies to ships constructed on or after the 1st January, 2009. (2) An efficient bilge pumping system shall be provided, capable of pumping from and draining any watert ight compartment other than a space permanently appropriated for the carriage of fresh water, water ballast, oil fuel or liquid cargo and for which other efficient means shall be provided, under all practical conditions. Efficient means shall be provided f or draining water from insulated holds. (3) Sanitary, ballast and general service pumps may be accepted as independent powered bilge pumps if fitted with necessary connections to the bilge pumping system. (4) All bilge pipes used in or under coal bunkers or fuel s torage tanks or in boiler or machinery spaces, including spaces in which oil - settling tanks or oil fuel pumping units are situated, shall be of steel or other suitable material. (5) The arrangement of the bilge and ballast pumping system shall be such as to pr event the possibility of water passing from the sea and from water ballast spaces into the cargo and machinery spaces, or from one compartment to another. Provision shall be made to prevent any deep tank having bilge and ballast connections being inadverte ntly flooded from the sea when containing cargo or being discharged through a bilge pump when containing water ballast. (6) The distribution boxes and manually operated valves in connection with the bilge pumping arrangements shall be placed in accessible positions. (7) Provision shall be made for the drainage of enclosed cargo spaces situated on the freeboard deck of a cargo ship, provided that the Director -General may permit the means of drainage to be dispensed with in any particular compartment of any ship or class of ship if it is satisfied that by reason of size or internal subdivision of those spaces the safety of the ship is not thereby impaired. For ships subject to the provisions of sub -paragraph (1), for the special hazards associated with loss of stabi lity when fitted with fixed pressure water -spraying fire -extinguishing systems refer to paragraph 87 sub -paragraph (6). (8) Where the freeboard to the freeboard deck is such that the deck edge is immersed when the ship heels more than 5 degrees, then the dra inage shall be by scuppers of suitable size discharging directly overboard, where the scuppers shall be as per International Convention on Load Lines in force. (9) Where the freeboard is such that the edge of the bulkhead deck or the edge of the freeboard deck , is immersed when the ship heels 5 degree or less, the drainage of the enclosed spaces on the bulkhead deck or on the freeboard deck, shall be led to a suitable space, or spaces, of adequate capacity, having a higher water level alarm and provided with su itable arrangements for discharge overboard and shall also ensure that: (a) the number, size and disposition of the scuppers are such as to prevent unreasonable accumulation of free water; (b) the pumping arrangements required by this paragraph take account of the requirements for any fixed pressure water -spraying fire -extinguishing system; (c) water contaminated with petrol or other dangerous substances is not drained to machinery spaces or other spaces where sources of ignition may be present; and (d) where the enclosed cargo space is protected by a carbon dioxide fire -extinguishing system the deck scuppers are fitted with means to prevent the escape of the smothering gas. (10) At least two power pumps connected to the main bilge system shall be provided, one of which may be d riven by the propulsion machinery. If the Director -General is satisfied that the safety of the ship is not impaired, bilge pumping arrangements may be dispensed with in particular compartments. (51) Communication between navigation bridge and machinery space. — (1) At least two independent means shall be provided for communicating orders from the navigation bridge to the position in the machinery space or in the control room from which the engines are normally controlled: one of these shall be an engine -room te legraph which provides visual indication of the orders and responses both in the machinery space and on the navigation bridge. Appropriate means of communication shall be provided to any other position from which the engines may be controlled. (2) For ships constructed on or after the 1st October, 1994 the following requirements apply in lieu of the provisions of sub -paragraph (1): At least two independent means shall be provided for communicating orders from the navigation bridge to the position in the mac hinery space or in the control room from which the speed and direction of thrust of the propellers are normally controlled; one of these shall be an engine -room telegraph which provides visual indication of the orders and responses both in the machinery sp aces and on the navigation bridge. Appropriate means of communication shall be provided from the navigation bridge and the engine -room to any other position from which the speed or direction of thrust of the propellers may be controlled (52) Engineers’ alarm. — An engineers’ alarm shall be provided to be operated from the engine control room or at the manoeuvring platform as appropriate and shall be clearly audible in the engineers’ accommodation. CHAPTER – VII ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS (53) General. — (1) Electr ical installations shall be such that: (a) all electrical auxiliary services necessary for maintaining the ship in normal operational and habitable conditions shall be ensured without recourse to the emergency source of electrical power; (b) electrical services essential for safety shall be ensured under various emergency conditions; and (c) the safety of crew and ship from electrical hazards shall be ensured. (2) The Director -General shall take appropriate steps to ensure uniformity in the implementation and applicat ion of the provisions of these rules in respect of electrical installations. (54) Main source of electrical power and lighting systems. — (1) A main source of electrical power of sufficient capacity to supply all those services mentioned in clause(a) of sub -paragraph (1) of paragraph 53; shall be provided. This main source of electrical power shall consist of at least two generating sets. (a) The capacity of these generating sets shall be such that in the event of any one generating set being stopped it shall stil l be possible to supply those services necessary to provide normal operational conditions of propulsion and safety. Minimum comfortable conditions of habitability shall also be ensured which include at least adequate services for cooking, heating, domestic refrigeration, mechanical ventilation, sanitary and fresh water. (b) The arrangements of the ship’s main source of electrical power shall be such that the services referred to in clause (a) of sub -paragraph (1) of paragraph 53 can be maintained regardless of the speed and direction of rotation of the propulsion machinery or shafting. (c) In addition, the generating sets shall be such as to ensure that with any one generator or its primary source of power out of operation, the remaining generating sets shall be c apable of providing the electrical services necessary to start the main propulsion plant from a dead ship condition. The emergency source of electrical power may be used for the purpose of starting from a dead ship condition if its capability either alone or combined with that of any other source of electrical power is sufficient to provide at the same time those services required to be supplied by clause (a) and clause (d) of sub - paragraph (2) of paragraph 55. (d) Where transformers constitute an essential pa rt of the electrical supply system required by this sub -paragraph, the system shall be so arranged as to ensure the same continuity of the supply as is stated in this sub -paragraph. (2) (a) A main electric lighting system which shall provide illumination throughout those parts of the ship normally accessible to and used by crew shall be supplied from the main source of electrical power. (b) The arrangement of the main electric lighting system shall be such that a fire or other casualty in spaces containing the main source of electrical power, associated transforming equipment, if any, the main switchboard and the main lighting switchboard, shall not render the emergency electric lighting system required by clause (a) clause (b) and clause (c) of sub -paragraph (2 ) of paragraph 55 inoperative. (c) The arrangement of the emergency electric lighting system shall be such that a fire or other casualty in spaces containing the emergency source of electrical power, associated transforming equipment, if any, the emergency sw itchboard and the emergency lighting switchboard shall not render the main electric lighting system required by this paragraph inoperative. (3) The main switchboard shall be so placed relative to one main generating station that, as far as is practicable, the integrity of the normal electrical supply may be affected only by a fire or other casualty in one space. An environmental enclosure for the main switchboard, such as may be provided by a machinery control room situated within the main boundaries of the sp ace, is not to be considered as separating the switchboards from the generators. (4) Where the total installed electrical power of the main generating sets is in excess of 3 Megawatt, the main busbars shall be subdivided into at least two parts which shall no rmally be connected by removable links or other approved means; so far as is practicable, the connection of generating sets and any other duplicated equipment shall be equally divided between the parts. Equivalent arrangements may be permitted to the satis faction of the Director -General. (5) Ships constructed on or after the 1st July, 1998: (a) in addition to sub -paragraphs (1), (2) and (3), shall comply with the following: (i) where the main source of electrical power is necessary for propulsion and steering of the ship, the system shall be so arranged that the electrical supply to equipment necessary for propulsion and steering and to ensure safety of the ship shall be maintained or immediately restored in the case of loss of any one of the generators in service; (ii) load shedding or other equivalent arrangements shall be provided to protect the generators required by this paragraph against sustained overload; (iii) where the main source of electrical power is necessary for propulsion of the ship, the main busbar shall be subdivided into at least two parts which shall normally be connected by circuit breakers or other approved means; so far as is practicable, the connection of generating sets and other duplicated equipment shall be equally divided between the parts; and (b) need not comply with sub -paragraph (4). (55) Emergency source of electrical power in cargo ships . — (1) (a) A self - contained emergency source of electrical power shall be provided. (a) the emergency source of electrical power associated transforming equipment, if a ny, transitional source of emergency power, emergency switchboard and emergency lighting switchboard shall be located above the uppermost continuous deck and shall be readily accessible from the open deck. They shall not be located forward of the collision bulkhead, except where permitted by the Director -General in exceptional circumstances. (b) the location of the emergency source of electrical power, associated transforming equipment, if any, the transitional source of emergency power, the emergency switchbo ard and the emergency lighting switchboard in relation to the main source of electrical power, associated transforming equipment, if any, and the main switchboard shall be such as to ensure to the satisfaction of the Director -General that a fire or other c asualty in the space containing the main source of electrical power, associated transforming equipment, if any, and the main switchboard, or in any machinery space of category A shall not interfere with the supply, control and distribution of emergency ele ctrical power. As far as practicable the space containing the emergency source of electrical power, associated transforming equipment, if any, the transitional source of emergency electrical power and the emergency switchboard shall not be contiguous to th e boundaries of machinery spaces of category A or those spaces containing the main source of electrical power, associated transforming equipment, if any, and the main switchboard. (c) Provided that suitable measures are taken for safeguarding independent emer gency operation under all circumstances, the emergency generator may be used, exceptionally, and for short periods, to supply non -emergency circuits. (2) The electrical power available shall be sufficient to supply all those services that are essential for sa fety in an emergency, due regard being paid to such services as may have to be operated simultaneously. The emergency source of electrical power shall be capable, having regard to starting currents and the transitory nature of certain loads, of supplying simultaneously at least the following services for the periods specified hereinafter, if they depend upon an electrical source for their operation: (a) For a period of 3 hours, emergency lighting at every muster and embarkation station and over the sides as re quired by regulations III/11.4 and III/16.7 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974. (b) For a period of 18 hours, emergency lighting: (i) in all service and accommodation alleyways, stairways and exits, personnel lift cars and personn el lift trunks; (ii) in the machinery spaces and main generating stations including their control positions; (iii) in all control stations, machinery control rooms, and at each main and emergency switchboard; (iv) at all stowage positions for firemen ’s outfits; (v) at the steering gear; (vi) at the fire pump referred to in clause (e) of sub -paragraph (2), at the sprinkler pump, if any, and at the emergency bilge pump, if any, and at the starting positions of their motors; and (vii) in all cargo pump -rooms of tankers constructed on or after the 1st July, 2002 (c) For a period of 18 hours : (i) the navigation lights and other lights required by the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea in force; (ii) on ships constructed on o r after the 1st February 1995 the very high frequency (VHF) radio installation required by regulation IV/7.1.1 and IV/7.1.2 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974; and, if applicable: (A) the medium frequency (MF) radio installation re quired by regulations IV/9.1.1, IV/9.1.2, IV/10.1.2 and IV/10.1.3; of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974; (B) the ship earth station required by regulation IV/10.1.1 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974; and (C) the medium frequency (MF)/ high frequency (HF) radio installation required by regulation IV/11.1.1 and IV/11.1.2 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974. (d) For a period of 18 hours: (i) all internal communication equipment as required in an emergency; (ii) the shipborne navigational equipment as required by regulation V/12 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974; where such provision is unreasonable or impracticable the Director -General may waive this requirement for sh ips of less than 5,000 gross tonnage; (iii) the fire detection and fire alarm system; and (iv) intermittent operation of the daylight signaling lamp, the ship’s whistle, the manually operated call points and all internal signals that are required in an emergency; unless such services have an independent supply for the period of 18 hours from an accumulator battery suitably located for use in an emergency. (e) For a period of 18 hours one of the fire pumps required by sub- clause (ii) and (iii) of sub -paragraph (2) c lause (b) of paragraph 77 if dependent upon the emergency generator for its source of power. (f) (i) For the period of time required by sub -paragraph (14) of paragraph 43 the steering gear where it is required to be so supplied by that paragraph. (ii) In a ship e ngaged regularly in voyages of short duration, the Director -General if satisfied that an adequate standard of safety would be attained may accept a lesser period than the 18 hours period specified in clauses (b) to (e) of sub -paragraph (2) but not less tha n 12 hours. (3) The emergency source of electrical power may be either a generator or an accumulator battery, which shall comply with the following: (a) Where the emergency source of electrical power is a generator, it shall be: (i) driven by a suitable prime mover with an independent supply of fuel, having flashpoint (closed cup test) of not less than 43°C; (ii) started automatically upon failure of the main source of electrical power supply unless a transitional source of emergency electrical power in accordance with in sub -clause (iii) of clause (a) of sub-paragraph (3) is provided; where the emergency generator is automatically started, it shall be automatically connected to the emergency switchboard; those services referred to in sub - paragraph (4) shall then be conn ected automatically to the emergency generator; and unless a second independent means of starting the emergency generator is provided the single source of stored energy shall be protected to preclude its complete depletion by the automatic starting system ; and (iii) provided with a transitional source of emergency electrical power as specified in sub -paragraph (4) unless an emergency generator is provided capable both of supplying the services mentioned in that sub-paragraph and of being automatically started and supplying the required load as quickly as is safe and practicable subject to a maximum of 45 seconds. (b) Where the emergency source of electrical power is an accumulator battery it shall be capable of: (i) carrying the emergency electrical load without recha rging while maintaining the voltage of the battery throughout the discharge period within 12 per cent. above or below its nominal voltage; (ii) automatically connecting to the emergency switchboard in the event of failure of the main source of electrical power ; and (iii) immediately supplying at least those services specified in sub -paragraph (4). (c) The following provision in sub -clause(ii) of clause (a) of sub-paragraph (3) shall not apply to ships constructed on or after the 1st October, 1994: Unless a second inde pendent means of starting the emergency generating set is provided, the single source of stored energy shall be protected to preclude its complete depletion by the automatic starting system. (d) For ships constructed on or after the 1st July 1998, where elect rical power is necessary to restore propulsion, the capacity shall be sufficient to restore propulsion to the ship in conjunction with other machinery, as appropriate, from a dead ship condition within 30 minutes after blackout. (4) The transitional source of emergency electrical power where required by sub -clause (iii) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (3) shall consist of an accumulator battery suitably located for use in an emergency which shall operate without recharging while maintaining the voltage of the b attery throughout the discharge period within 12 per cent. above or below its nominal voltage and be of sufficient capacity and shall be so arranged as to supply automatically in the event of failure of either the main or the emergency source of electrical power for half an hour at least the following services if they depend upon an electrical source for their operation: (a) the lighting required by clause (a), (b) and (i) of sub - paragraph (2) for this transitional phase, the required emergency electric lighti ng, in respect of the machinery space and accommodation and service spaces may be provided by permanently fixed, individual, automatically charged, relay operated accumulator lamps; and (b) all services required by sub -clause (i), (ii), (iii) of clause (d) of sub-paragraph (2) unless such services have an independent supply for the period specified from an accumulator battery suitably located for use in an emergency. (5) (a) The emergency switchboard shall be installed as near as is practicable to the emergency source of electrical power. (b) Where the emergency source of electrical power is a generator, the emergency switchboard shall be located in the same space unless the operation of the emergency switchboard would thereby be impaired. (c) No accumulator battery fi tted in accordance with this paragraph shall be installed in the same space as the emergency switchboard. An indicator shall be mounted in a suitable place on the main switchboard or in the machinery control room to indicate when the batteries constituting either the emergency source of electrical power or the transitional source of electrical power referred to in clause (b) of sub -paragraph (3) or sub -paragraph (4) are being discharged. (d) The emergency switchboard shall be supplied during normal operation f rom the main switchboard by an interconnector feeder which is to be adequately protected at the main switchboard against overload and short circuit and which is to be disconnected automatically at the emergency switchboard upon failure of the main source o f electrical power. Where the system is arranged for feedback operation, the interconnector feeder is also to be protected at the emergency switchboard at least against short circuit. (e) In order to ensure ready availability of the emergency source of electr ical power, arrangements shall be made where necessary to disconnect automatically non -emergency circuits from the emergency switchboard to ensure that electrical power shall be available automatically to the emergency circuits. (6) The emergency generator an d its prime mover and any emergency accumulator battery shall be so designed and arranged as to ensure that they shall function at full rated power when the ship is upright and when inclined at any angle of list up to 22.5° or when inclined up to 10° eithe r in the fore or aft direction, or is in any combination of angles within those limits. (7) Provision shall be made for the periodic testing of the complete emergency system and shall include the testing of automatic starting arrangements (56) Starting arrangement s for emergency generating sets. — (1) Emergency generating sets shall be capable of being readily started in their cold condition at a temperature of 0°C. If this is impracticable, or if lower temperatures are likely to be encountered, provision acceptabl e to the Director -General shall be made for the maintenance of heating arrangements, to ensure ready starting of the generating sets. (2) Each emergency generating set arranged to be automatically started shall be equipped with starting devices approved by th e Director -General with a stored energy capability of at least three consecutive starts. A second source of energy shall be provided for an additional three starts within 30 min unless manual starting can be demonstrated to be effective. (a) ships constructed on or after the 1st October, 1994, in lieu of the provision of the second sentence of sub -paragraph (2), shall comply with the following requirements: The source of stored energy shall be protected to preclude critical depletion by the automatic starting system, unless a second independent means of starting is provided. In addition, a second source of energy shall be provided for an additional three starts within 30 min unless manual starting can be demonstrated to be effective. (3) The stored energy shall b e maintained at all times, as follows: (a) electrical and hydraulic starting systems shall be maintained from the emergency switchboard; (b) compressed air starting systems may be maintained by the main or auxiliary compressed air receivers through a suitable non-return valve or by an emergency air compressor which, if electrically driven, is supplied from the emergency switchboard; (c) all of these starting, charging and energy storing devices shall be located in the emergency generator space; these devices are not to be used for any purpose other than the operation of the emergency generating set. This does not preclude the supply to the air receiver of the emergency generating set from the main or auxiliary compressed air system through the non-return valve fitted in the emergency generator space. (4) (a) where automatic starting is not required, manual starting is permissible, such as manual cranking, inertia starters, manually charged hydraulic accumulators, or powder charge cartridges, where they can be demonstrat ed as being effective. (b) when manual starting is not practicable, the requirements of sub -paragraphs (2) and (3) shall be complied with except that starting may be manually initiated. (57) Precautions against shock, fire and othe r hazards of electrical origin. — (sub- paragraphs (10) and (11) of this paragraph apply to ships constructed on or after January 2007) (1) (a) exposed metal parts of electrical machines or equipment which are not intended to be live but which are liable under fault conditions to become live shall be earthed unless the machines or equipment are: (i) supplied at a voltage not exceeding 50 Volts direct current or 50 Volts root mean square between conductors; auto -transformers shall not be used for the purpose of achieving this voltage; or (ii) supplied at a voltage not exceeding 250 Volts by safety isolating transformers supplying only one consuming device; or (iii) constructed in accordance with the principle of double insulation. (b) the Director -General may require additional precautions for portable electri cal equipment for use in confined or exceptionally damp spaces where particular risks due to conductivity may exist. (c) all electrical apparatus shall be so constructed and so installed as not to cause injury when handled or touched in the normal manner. (2) Main and emergency switchboards shall be so arranged as to give easy access as may be needed to apparatus and equipment, without danger to personnel. The sides and the rear and, where necessary, the front of switchboards shall be suitably guarded. Exposed li ve parts having voltages to earth exceeding a voltage to be specified by the Director -General shall not be installed on the front of such switchboards. Where necessary, nonconducting mats or gratings shall be provided at the front and rear of the switchboa rd. (3) (a) the hull return system of distribution shall not be used for any purpose in a tanker, or for power, heating, or lighting in any other ship of 1,600 gross tonnage and upwards. (b) the requirement of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (3) does not preclude u nder conditions approved by the Director -General the use of: (i) impressed current cathodic protective systems; (ii) limited and locally earthed systems; or (iii) insulation level monitoring devices provided the circulation current does not exceed 30 mA under the most unfavourable conditions. (c) for ships constructed on or after the 1st October 1994, the requirement of clause(a) of sub -paragraph (3) does not preclude the use of limited and locally earthed systems, provided that any possible resulting current does not flo w directly through any dangerous spaces. (d) where the hull return system is used, all final subcircuits, i.e. all circuits fitted after the last protective device, shall be two - wire and special precautions shall be taken to the satisfaction of the Director -General. (4) (a) earthed distribution systems shall not be used in a tanker. The Director -General may exceptionally permit in a tanker the earthing of the neutral for alternating current power networks of 3,000 V (line to line) and over, provided that any pos sible resulting current does not flow directly through any of the dangerous spaces. (b) when a distribution system, whether primary or secondary, for power, heating or lighting, with no connection to earth is used, a device capable of continuously monitoring the insulation level to earth and of giving an audible or visual indication of abnormally low insulation values shall be provided. (c) Ships constructed on or after the 1st October, 1994, in lieu of the provisions of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (4), shall comply with the following requirements: (i) except as permitted by sub -clause (ii) of clause(c) of sub - paragraph (4) earthed distribution systems shall not be used in a tanker. (ii) the requirement of sub -clause (i) of clause(c) of sub - paragraph (4) does not preclude the use of earthed intrinsically safe circuits and in addition, under conditions approved by the Director -General, the use of the following earthed systems: (A) power -supplied control circuits and instrumentation circuits where technical or s afety reasons preclude the use of a system with no connection to earth, provided the current in the hull is limited to not more than 5 A in both normal and fault conditions; or (B) limited and locally earthed systems, provided that any possible resulting current does not flow directly through any of the dangerous spaces; or (C) alternating current power networks of 1,000 V root mean square (line to line) and over, provided that any possible resulting current does not flow directly through any of the dang erous spaces. (5) (a) except as permitted by the Director -General in exceptional circumstances, all metal sheaths and armour of cables shall be electrically continuous and shall be earthed. (b) all electric cables and wiring external to equipment shall be at least of a flame -retardant type and shall be so installed as not to impair their original flame -retarding properties. Where necessary for particular applications the Director - General may permit the use of special types of cables such as radio frequency cable s, which do not comply with the foregoing. (c) cables and wiring serving essential or emergency power, lighting, internal communications or signals shall so far as practicable be routed clear of galleys, laundries, machinery spaces of category A and their cas ings and other high fire risk areas. Cables connecting fire pumps to the emergency switchboard shall be of a fire -resistant type where they pass through high fire risk areas. Where practicable all such cables should be run in such a manner as to preclude their being rendered unserviceable by heating of the bulkheads that may be caused by a fire in an adjacent space. (d) where cables which are installed in hazardous areas introduce the risk of fire or explosion in the event of an electrical fault in such areas, special precautions against such risks shall be taken to the satisfaction of the Director - General. (e) cables and wiring shall be installed and supported in such a manner as to avoid chafing or other damage. (f) terminations and joints in all conductors shall b e so made as to retain the original electrical, mechanical, flame - retarding and, where necessary, fire -resisting properties of the cable. (6) (a) each separate circuit shall be protected against short circuit and against overload, except as permitted in par agraphs 43 and 44 or where the Director -General may exceptionally otherwise permit. (b) the rating or appropriate setting of the overload protective device for each circuit shall be permanently indicated at the location of the protective device. (7) Lighting fittings shall be so arranged as to prevent temperature rises which could damage the cables and wiring, and to prevent surrounding material from becoming excessively hot. (8) All lighting and power circuits terminating in a bunker or cargo space shall be pro vided with a multiple -pole switch outside the space for disconnecting such circuits. (9) (a) accumulator batteries shall be suitably housed, and compartments used primarily for their accommodation shall be properly constructed and efficiently ventilated. (b) electrical or other equipment which may constitute a source of ignition of flammable vapours shall not be permitted in these compartments except as permitted in sub -paragraph (10). (c) accumulator batteries shall not be located in sleeping quarters except where hermetically sealed to the satisfaction of the Director -General. (10) No electrical equipment shall be installed in any space where flammable mixtures are liable to collect, e.g. in compartments assigned principally to accumulator batteries, in pain t lockers, acetylene stores or similar spaces, unless the Director -General is satisfied that such equipment is: (a) essential for operational purposes; (b) of a type which shall not ignite the mixture concerned; (c) appropriate to the space concerned; and (d) appropriatel y certified for safe usage in the dusts, vapours or gases likely to be encountered. (11) In tankers, electrical equipment, cables and wiring shall not be installed in hazardous locations unless it conforms with standards not inferior to those acceptable to the organisation . However, for locations not covered by such standards, electrical equipment, cables and wiring which do not conform to the standards may be installed in hazardous locations based on a risk assessment to the satisfaction of the Director -General , to ensure that an equivalent level of safety is assured. CHAPTER - VII ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR PERIODICALLY UNATTENDED MACHINERY SPACES (58) General. — (1) The arrangements provided shall be such as to ensure that the safety of the ship in all sailing con ditions, including manoeuvring, is equivalent to that of a ship having the machinery spaces manned. (2) Measures shall be taken to the satisfaction of the Director -General to ensure that the equipment is functioning in a reliable manner and that satisfactory arrangements are made for regular inspections and routine tests to ensure continuous reliable operation. (3) Every ship shall be provided with documentary evidence, to the satisfaction of the Director -General, of its fitness to operate with periodically unat tended machinery spaces. (59) Fire precautions . — (1) Means shall be provided to detect and give alarms at an early stage in case of fires: (a) in boiler air supply casings and exhausts (uptakes); and (b) in scavenging air belts of propulsion machinery, u nless the Director - General considers this to be unnecessary in a particular case. (2) Internal combustion engines of 2,250 kW and above or having cylinders of more than 300 millimeters bore shall be provided with crankcase oil mist detectors or engine bearing temperature monitors or equivalent devices. (60) Protection against flooding. — (1) Bilge wells in periodically unattended machinery spaces shall be located and monitored in such a way that the accumulation of liquids is detected at normal angles of trim and h eel and shall be large enough to accommodate easily the normal drainage during the unattended period. (2) Where the bilge pumps are capable of being started automatically, means shall be provided to indicate when the influx of liquid is greater than the pump capacity or when the pump is operating more frequently than would normally be expected. In these cases, smaller bilge wells to cover a reasonable period of time may be permitted. Where automatically controlled bilge pumps are provided, special attention s hall be given to oil pollution prevention requirements. (3) The location of the controls of any valve serving a sea inlet, a discharge below the waterline or a bilge injection system shall be so sited as to allow adequate time for operation in case of influx of water to the space, having regard to the time likely to be required in order to reach and operate such controls. If the level to which the space could become flooded with the ship in the fully loaded condition so requires, arrangements shall be made to operate the controls from a position above such level. (61) Control of propulsion machinery from the navigation bridge . — (1) Under all sailing conditions, including manoeuvring, the speed, direction of thrust and, if applicable, the pitch of the propeller sha ll be fully controllable from the navigation bridge. (a) such remote control shall be performed by a single control device for each independent propeller, with automatic performance of all associated services, including, where necessary, means of preven ting overload of the propulsion machinery. (b) the main propulsion machinery shall be provided with an emergency stopping device on the navigation bridge which shall be independent of the navigation bridge control system. (2) Propulsion machinery orders fr om the navigation bridge shall be indicated in the main machinery control room or at the propulsion machinery control position as appropriate. (3) Remote control of the propulsion machinery shall be possible only from one location at a time; at such locations interconnected control positions are permitted. At each location there shall be an indicator showing which location is in control of the propulsion machinery. The transfer of control between the navigation bridge and machinery spaces shall be possible onl y in the main machinery space or in the main machinery control room. The system shall include means to prevent the propelling thrust from altering significantly when transferring control from one location to another. (4) It shall be possible for all machinery essential for the safe operation of the ship to be controlled from a local position, even in the case of failure in any part of the automatic or remote control systems. (5) The design of the remote automatic control system shall be such that in case of its f ailure an alarm shall be given. Unless the Director -General considers it impracticable, the preset speed and direction of thrust of the propeller shall be maintained until local control is in operation. (6) Indicators shall be fitted on the navigation bridge for: (a) propeller speed and direction of rotation in the case of fixed pitch propellers; or (b) propeller speed and pitch position in the case of controllable pitch propellers. (7) The number of consecutive automatic attempts which fail to produce a start shall be limited to safeguard sufficient starting air pressure. An alarm shall be provided to indicate low starting air pressure set at a level which still permits starting operations of the propulsion machinery. (62) Communication. — A reliable means of vocal communication shall be provided between the main machinery control room or the propulsion machinery control position as appropriate, the navigation bridge and the engineer officers’ accommodation (63) Alarm system. — (1) An alarm system shall be provid ed indicating any fault requiring attention and shall: (a) be capable of sounding an audible alarm in the main machinery control room or at the propulsion machinery control position, and indicate visually each separate alarm function at a suitable pos ition; (b) have a connection to the engineers’ public rooms and to each of the engineers’ cabins through a selector switch, to ensure connection to at least one of those cabins. Director -General may permit equivalent arrangements; (c) activate an au dible and visual alarm on the navigation bridge for any situation which requires action by or attention of the officer on watch; (d) as far as is practicable be designed on the fail -to-safety principle; and (e) activate the engineers’ alarm requir ed by paragraph 52 if an alarm function has not received attention locally within a limited time. (2) (a) the alarm system shall be continuously powered and shall have an automatic change -over to a stand -by power supply in case of loss of normal power supply. (b) failure of the normal power supply of the alarm system shall be indicated by an alarm. (3) (a) the alarm system shall be able to indicate at the same time more than one fault and the acceptance of any alarm shall not inhibit another alarm. (b) acc eptance at the position referred to in sub -paragraph (1) of any alarm condition shall be indicated at the positions where it was shown. Alarms shall be maintained until they are accepted and the visual indications of individual alarms shall remain until the fault has been corrected, when the alarm system shall automatically reset to the normal operating condition. (64) Safety systems. — A safety system shall be provided to ensure that serious malfunction in machinery or boiler operations, which presents an imme diate danger, shall initiate the automatic shutdown of that part of the plant and that an alarm shall be given. Shutdown of the propulsion system shall not be automatically activated except in cases which could lead to serious damage, complete breakdown, o r explosion. Where arrangements for overriding the shutdown of the main propelling machinery are fitted, these shall be such as to preclude inadvertent operation. Visual means shall be provided to indicate when the override has been activated. (65) Special req uirements for machinery, boiler and electrical installations .— (1) The special requirements for the machinery, boiler and electrical installations shall be to the satisfaction of the Director -General and shall include at least the requirements of this par agraph. (2) The main source of electrical power shall comply with the following: (a) where the electrical power can normally be supplied by one generator, suitable load -shedding arrangements shall be provided to ensure the integrity of supplies to services r equired for propulsion and steering as well as the safety of the ship. In the case of loss of the generator in operation, adequate provision shall be made for automatic starting and connecting to the main switchboard of a stand -by generator of sufficient c apacity to permit propulsion and steering and to ensure the safety of the ship with automatic restarting of the essential auxiliaries including, where necessary, sequential operations. The Director -General may dispense with this requirement for a ship of l ess than 1,600 gross tonnage, if it is considered impracticable; (b) if the electrical power is normally supplied by more than one generator simultaneously in parallel operation, provision shall be made, for instance by load shedding, to ensure that, in case of loss of one of these generating sets, the remaining ones are kept in operation without overload to permit propulsion and steering, and to ensure the safety of the ship. (3) Where stand -by machines are required for other auxiliary machinery essential t o propulsion, automatic change -over devices shall be provided. (4) Automatic control and alarm system (a) the control system shall be such that the services needed for the operation of the main propulsion machinery and its auxiliaries are ensured through t he necessary automatic arrangements. (b) an alarm shall be given on the automatic change -over. (c) an alarm system complying with paragraph 63 shall be provided for all important pressures, temperatures and fluid levels and other essential parameters. (d) a centralized control position shall be arranged with the necessary alarm panels and instrumentation indicating any alarm. (5) Means shall be provided to keep the starting air pressure at the required level where internal combustion engines are used f or main propulsion. (66) Alternative design and arrangements. — (1) The purpose of this paragraph is to provide a methodology for alternative design and arrangements for machinery, electrical installations and low -flashpoint fuel storage and distribution syste ms. (2) (a) machinery, electrical installation and low -flashpoint fuel storage and distribution systems design and arrangements may deviate from the requirements set out in these paragraphs, provided that the alternative design and arrangements meet the inten t of the requirements concerned and provide an equivalent level of safety to this chapter; (b) when alternative design or arrangements deviate from the prescriptive requirements provided in these paragraphs, an engineering analysis, evaluation and approval of the design and arrangements shall be carried out in accordance with this paragraph. (3) The engineering analysis shall be prepared and submitted to the Director -General, based on the guidelines developed by the organisation and shall include, as a minimum, the following elements: (a) determination of the ship type, machinery, electrical installations, low -flashpoint fuel storage and distribution systems and space(s) concerned; (b) Identification of the prescriptive requirement(s) with which the machinery, electrical in stallations and low -flashpoint fuel storage and distribution systems shall not comply; (c) identification of the reason the proposed design shall not meet the prescriptive requirements supported by compliance with other recognized engineering or industry stand ards; (d) determination of the performance criteria for the ship, machinery, electrical installation, low -flashpoint fuel storage and distribution system or the space(s) concerned addressed by the relevant prescriptive requirement(s): (i) performance criteria shal l provide a level of safety not inferior to the relevant prescriptive requirements contained in these paragraphs; and (ii) performance criteria shall be quantifiable and measurable. (e) detailed description of the alternative design and arrangements, including a li st of the assumptions used in the design and any proposed operational restrictions or conditions; (f) technical justification demonstrating that the alternative design and arrangements meet the safety performance criteria; and (g) risk assessment based on identifi cation of the potential faults and hazards associated with the proposal. (4) Evaluation of the alternative design and arrangements (a) the engineering analysis required in Sub -paragraph (3) shall be evaluated and approved by the Director -General, taking into accou nt the guidelines developed by the organisation; (b) a copy of the documentation, as approved by the Director - General, indicating that the alternative design and arrangements comply with this paragraph, shall be carried on board the ship. (5) The Director -General shall communicate to the organisation pertinent information concerning alternative design and arrangements approved by them for circulation to all Contracting Governments. (6) If the assumptions and operational restrictions that were stipulated in the alternat ive design and arrangements are changed, the engineering analysis shall be carried out under the changed condition and shall be approved by the Director - General. (67) Application (Ships using low -flashpoint fuels). — (1) Except as provided for in Sub -paragrap h (4) and (5), these rules shall apply to ships using low -flashpoint fuels: (a) for which the building contract is placed on or after the 1st January, 2017; (b) in the absence of a building contract, the keels of which are laid or which are at a similar stage of c onstruction on or after the 1st July, 2017; or (c) the delivery of which is on or after the 1st January, 2021. Such ships using low -flashpoint fuels shall comply with the requirements of this rules in addition to any other applicable requirements of the presen t rules. (2) Except as provided for in sub -paragraph (4) and (5), a ship, irrespective of the date of construction, including one constructed before the 1st January, 2009, which converts to using low -flashpoint fuels on or after the 1st January, 2017 shall be treated as a ship using low-flashpoint fuels on the date on which such conversion commenced. (3) Except as provided for in sub -paragraph (4) and (5), a ship using low - flashpoint fuels, irrespective of the date of construction, including one constructed before the 1st January 2009, which, on or after the 1st January, 2017, undertakes to use low -flashpoint fuels different from those which it was originally approved to use before 1st January, 2017 shall be treated as a ship using low -flashpoint fuels on the date on which such undertaking commenced. (4) This rules shall not apply to gas carriers, as defined in regulation VII/11.2 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974: (a) using their cargoes as fuel and complying with the requirements of the Intern ational Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk , as defined in regulation VII/11.1 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974; or (b) using other low -flashpoint gaseous fuels provided that the fuel storage and distribution systems design and arrangements for such gaseous fuels comply with the requirements of the International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk for gas as a cargo. (5) This rules shall not app ly to ships owned or operated by a contracting Government and used, for the time being, only in Government non -commercial service. However, ships owned or operated by a contracting Government and used, for the time being, only in Government non -commercial service are encouraged to act in a manner consistent, so far as reasonable and practicable, with this rule. (68) Requirements for ships using low -flashpoint fuels . — Except as provided in sub -paragraph (4) and (5) of paragraph 67 of ships using low - flashpoint fuels shall comply with the requirements of the International Code of Safety for Ships Using Gases or Other Low -flashpoint Fuels. CHAPTER - VIII – GENERAL CONSTRUCTION - FIRE PROTECTION, FIRE DETECTION AND FIRE EXTINCTION (69) Application. — (1) (a) Unless exp ressly provided otherwise, these rules shall apply to ships constructed on or after the date of notification of these rules; (b) for the purpose of this chapter, — (i) the expression ships constructed means ships the keels of which are laid or which are at a similar stage of construction; and (ii) the expression all ships means ships, irrespective of type, constructed before, on or after the date of notification of these rules; and (c) for the purpose of this chapter, the expression a similar stage of construction means the stage at which - (i) construction identifiable with a specific ship begins; and (iii) assembly of that ship has commenced comprising at least fifty (50) tonnes or 1 per cent. of the estimated mass of all structural material, whichever is less. (2) Applicable requirements to existing ships; (a) unless expressly provided otherwise, for ships constructed before the 1st July, 2012 the Director -General shall ensure that the requirements which are applicable under chapter II -1 of the International Conventio n for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended by Maritime Safety Committee resolutions MSC.1 (45), MSC.6(48), MSC.13(57), MSC.22(59), MSC.24(60), MSC.27(61), MSC.31(63) and MSC.57(67), MSC.99(73), MSC.134(76), MSC.194(80), MSC.201(81), MSC.216(82),MSC. 256(84), MSC.269(85) and MSC.291(87) are complied with. (b) ships constructed before the 1st July, 2002 shall also comply with: (ii) sub-paragraph (3), clauses (e) and (g) of sub - paragraph (6) as appropriate; (iii) paragraphs 80(3)(c)(ii),80(4)(b), except rules 83(3) (b)(ii) and 83(3)(b)(iii) thereof, as appropriate, not later than the date of the first survey after the 1st July, 2002; and (iv) paragraph 77 (4) (a) (iii) and 77 (6)(c) for new installations only; and (v) sub-clause (i) of clause (g) of sub -paragraph (5) of paragraph 71. (c) ships constructed on or after the 1st July, 2002 and before the 1st July, 2010 shall comply with sub -paragraph (7)(a)(i), (7)(d)(iv)(B) and (C), (7)(e) of paragraph 76, as adopted by Maritime Safety Committee resolution MSC.99(73) . (d) the following ships, with cargo spaces intended for the carriage of packaged dangerous goods, shall c omply with sub-paragraph (3) of paragraph 86, except when carrying dangerous goods specified as classes 6.2 and 7 and dangerous goods in limited quantities and excepted quantities in accordance with Tables 1 and 3, not later than the date of the first rene wal survey on or after the 1st January, 2011: (i) cargo ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards constructed on or after the 1st September, 1984 but before 1 January 2011; and (ii) cargo ships of less than 500 gross tonnage constructed on or after the 1st February 19 92 but before the 1st January 2011, and notwithstanding these provisions: (iii) cargo ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards constructed on or after the 1st September 1984 but before 1 July 1986 need not comply with clause (c) of sub-paragraph (3) of paragraph 86 provided that they comply with regulation 54.2.3 as adopted by Maritime Safety Committee resolution MSC.1(45) ; and (iv) cargo ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards constructed on or after the 1st July 1986 but before the 1st February, 1992 need not comply with clause (c) of sub-paragraph (3) of paragraph 86 provided that they comply with regulat ion 54.2.3 as adopted by Maritime Safety Committee resolution MSC.6(48) ; (v) cargo ships of 50 0 gross tonnage and upwards constructed on or after the 1st September 1984 but before the 1st July 1998 need not comply with clause (c) of sub -paragraph (3) of paragraph 86; (vi) cargo ships of less than 500 gross tonnage constructed on or after the 1st Februa ry 1992 but before the 1st July 1998 need not comply with clause (c) of sub -paragraph (3) of paragraph 86; (vii) cargo ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards constructed on or after the 1st February 1992 but before the 1st July 2002 need not comply with clause (c) of sub - paragraph (3) of paragraph 86provided that they comply with regulation 54.2.3 as adopted by Maritime Safety Committee resolution MSC.13(57) ; and (viii) cargo ships of 500 gross tonnage and upwards constructed on or after the 1st September 1984 but before the 1st July 2002 need not comply with clause (c) of sub - paragraph (3) of paragraph 86, provided that they comply with regulations 54.2.1, 54.2.5, 54.2.6, 54.2.9 as adopted by Maritime Safety Committee resolution MSC.1(45) (e) ships constructed before the 1st July, 2012 shall also comply with sub -clause (ii) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (10) of paragraph 77, as adopted by Maritime Safety Committee resolution MSC.338(91) and regulations 4.2.1.6 to 4.2.1.8, as amended by Maritime Safety Committee resolution MSC.520(106) (f) tankers constructed before the 1st January, 2016, including those constructed before the 1st July, 2012, shall comply with clause (c) of sub -paragraph (3) of paragraph 83 except sub - clause (iii) of clause (c) sub -paragraph (3) of paragraph 83 (g) paragraph 71 sub -paragraph (5) apply to ships constructed on or after the 1st July 2002 but before the 1st January, 2016, and paragraph 71 sub -paragraph (5) applies to all ships constructed before the 1st January, 2016. (h) paragraph 77 sub -paragraph (5) (a)(ii)(B) as amended by Maritime Safety Committee resolution MSC.409(97) , applies to ships constructed before the 1st January, 2020, including those constructed before the 1st July 2012. (i) all ships con structed before the 1st January, 2026 shall comply with paragraph 77 sub -paragraph(11) (b), as adopted by Maritime Safety Committee resolution MSC.532(107) , not later than the date of the first survey on or after the 1st January 2026. (3) Repairs, alterations, modifications and outfitting (a) all ships which undergo repairs, alterations, modifications and outfitting related thereto shall continue to comply with at least the requirements previously applicable to these ships. Such ships, if constructed before the 1st July, 2012, shall, as a rule, comply with the requirements for ships constructed on or a fter that date to at least the same extent as they did before undergoing such repairs, alterations, modifications or outfitting; (b) repairs , alterations and modifications which substantially alter the dimensions of a ship or substantially increase a ship’s service life and outfitting related thereto shall meet the requirements for ships, constructed on or after 1 July 2012 in so far as the Director -General deems reasonable and practicable. (4) Exemptions — the Director -General may, if it considers that the shelte red nature and conditions of the voyage are such as to render the application of any specific requirements of this chapter unreasonable or unnecessary, exempt from those requirements individual ships or classes of ships entitled to fly the flag of its Stat e, provided that such ships, in the course of their voyage, do not sail at distances of more than 20 miles from the nearest land. (5) Applicable requirements depending on ship type — Unless expressly provided otherwise: (a) requirements not referring to specific ship type shall apply to ships of all types; and (b) requirements referring to "tankers" shall apply to tankers subject to the requirements specified in sub -paragraph (6) below. (6) Application of requirements for tankers — (a) requirements for tankers in these ru les shall apply to tankers carrying crude oil or petroleum products having a flashpoint not exceeding 60°C (closed cup test), as determined by an approved flashpoint apparatus, and a reid vapour pressure which is below the atmospheric pressure or other liq uid products having a similar fire hazard. (b) where liquid cargoes other than those referred to in clause (a) of sub -paragraph (6) or liquefied gases which introduce additional fire hazards are intended to be carried, additional safety measures shall be re quired, having due regard to the provisions of the International bulk chemical code, as defined in regulation VII/8.1 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974, and the bulk chemical code, the international gas carrier code, as defined in regulation VII/11.1 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974, and the gas carrier code, as appropriate. (i) a liquid cargo with a flashpoint of less than 60°C for which a regular foam fire -fighting system complying with the fire saf ety systems code is not effective, is considered to be a cargo introducing additional fire hazards in this context. The following additional measures are required: (A) the foam shall be of alcohol -resistant type; (B) the type of foam concentrates for use in che mical tankers shall be to the satisfaction of the Director -General taking into account the guidelines developed by the organisation ; and (C) (i) the capacity and application rates of the foam extinguishing system shall comply with chapter 11 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974 and the international bulk chemical code, except that lower application rates may be accepted based on performance tests. For tankers fitted with inert gas systems, a quantity of foam concentrate sufficient for 20 minutes of foam generation may be accepted. (ii) for the purpose of this paragraph, a liquid cargo with a vapour pressure greater than 1.013 bar absolute at 37.8°C is considered to be a cargo introducing additional fire hazards. Ships carrying such subst ances shall comply with paragraph 15.14 of the international bulk chemical code. When ships operate in restricted areas and at restricted times, the Director -General concerned may agree to waive the requirements for refrigeration systems in accordance with paragraph 15.14.3 of the international bulk chemical code. (c) liquid cargoes with a flashpoint exceeding 60°C other than oil products or liquid cargoes subject to the requirements of the International Bulk Chemical Code are considered to constitute a low fir e risk, not requiring the protection of a fixed foam extinguishing system. (d) tankers carrying petroleum products with a flashpoint exceeding 60°C (closed cup test), as determined by an approved flashpoint apparatus, shall comply with the requirements provi ded in sub -clause (d) of clause (3) and (4) of paragraph 77 and clause (12) the requirements for cargo ships other than tankers, except that, in lieu of the fixed fire extinguishing system required in sub -paragraph (7) of paragraph 77, they shall be fitted with a fixed deck foam system which shall comply with the provisions of the fire safety systems code. (e) combination carriers constructed before, on or after the 1st July, 2002 shall not carry cargoes other than oil unless all cargo spaces are empty of oil and gas -freed or unless the arrangements provided in each case have been approved by the Director -General taking into account the guidelines developed by the organisation . (f) chemical tankers and gas carriers shall comply with the requirements for tankers, e xcept where alternative and supplementary arrangements are provided to the satisfaction of the Director -General, having due regard to the provisions of the international bulk chemical code and the international gas carrier code, as appropriate. (g) the requir ements of item (A) of sub -clause (i) clause (j) of sub - paragraph (5) of paragraph 71 and item (D) of sub -clause (i) clause (j) of sub -paragraph (5) and a system for continuous monitoring of the concentration of hydrocarbon gases shall be fitted on all tank ers constructed before the 1st July, 2002 by the date of the first scheduled dry -docking after the 1st July, 2002, but not later than the 1st July, 2005. Sampling points or detector heads shall be located in suitable positions in order that potentially dan gerous leakages are readily detected. When the hydrocarbon gas concentration reaches a pre -set level which shall not be higher than 10% of the lower flammable limit, a continuous audible and visual alarm signal shall be automatically effected in the pump -room and cargo control room to alert personnel to the potential hazard. However, existing monitoring systems already fitted having a pre-set level not greater than 30 per cent. of the lower flammable limit may be accepted. (70) Fire safety objectives and functi onal requirements . — (1) Fire safety objectives — (a) the fire safety objectives of this rule are to: (i) prevent the occurrence of fire and explosion; (ii) reduce the risk to life caused by fire; (iii) reduce the risk of damage caused by fire to the ship, its cargo and t he environment; (iv) contain, control and suppress fire and explosion in the compartment of origin; and (v) provide adequate and readily accessible means of escape for crew. (2) Functional requirements — (b) in order to achieve the fire safety objectives set out in sub-paragraph (1), the following functional requirements are embodied in the paragraphs of this paragraph as appropriate: (i) division of the ship into main vertical and horizontal zones by thermal and structural boundaries; (ii) separation of accommodation spaces f rom the remainder of the ship by thermal and structural boundaries; (iii) restricted use of combustible materials; (iv) detection of any fire in the zone of origin; (v) containment and extinction of any fire in the space of origin; (vi) protection of means of escape and a ccess for fire - fighting; (vii) ready availability of fire -extinguishing appliances; and (viii) minimization of possibility of ignition of flammable cargo vapour (3) Achievement of the fire safety objectives — The fire safety objectives set out in sub -paragraph (1) shall be achieved by ensuring compliance with the prescriptive requirements specified in Chapters II, III, IV , V or VI , or by alternative design and arrangements which comply with Chapter VI. A ship shall be considered to meet the functional requirements set out in sub - paragraph (2) and to achieve the fire safety objectives set out in sub-paragraph (1) when either: (a) the ship’s design and arrangements, as a whole, comply with the relevant prescriptive requirements in these rules; (b) the ship’s design and arrangem ents, as a whole, have been reviewed and approved in accordance with Chapter VI; or (c) part(s) of the ship’s design and arrangements have been reviewed and approved in accordance with Chapter VI and the remaining parts of the ship comply with the relevant prescriptive requirements in these rules. CHAPTER -IX PREVENTION OF FIRE AND EXPLOSION (71) Probability of ignition. — (1) The purpose of this paragraph is to prevent the ignition of combustible materials or flammable liquids. For this purpose, the following funct ional requirements shall be met: (a) means shall be provided to control leaks of flammable liquids; (b) means shall be provided to limit the accumulation of flammable vapours; (c) the ignitability of combustible materials shall be restricted; (d) ignition sources shal l be restricted; (e) ignition sources shall be separated from combustible materials and flammable liquids; and (f) the atmosphere in cargo tanks shall be maintained out of the explosive range. (2) Arrangements for oil fuel, lubrication oil and other flammable oils (a) limitations in the use of oils as fuel, the following limitations shall apply to the use of oil as fuel: — (i) no oil fuel with a flashpoint of less than 60°C shall be used; (ii) in emergency generators oil fuel with a flashpoint of not less than 43°C may be use d; (iii) the use of oil fuel having a flashpoint of less than 60°C but not less than 43°C may be permitted (e.g., for feeding the emergency fire pump’s engines and the auxiliary machines which are not located in the machinery spaces of category A subject to the following: (A) fuel oil tanks except those arranged in double bottom compartments shall be located outside of machinery spaces of category A; (B) provisions for the measurement of oil temperature are provided on the suction pipe of the oil fuel pump; (C) stop val ves and/or cocks are provided on the inlet side and outlet side of the oil fuel strainers; and (D) pipe joints of welded construction or of circular cone type or spherical type union joint are applied as much as possible. (iv) in cargo ships, to which paragraph 67 is not applicable, the use of fuel having a lower flashpoint than otherwise specified in sub -clause (i) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (2) for example crude oil, may be permitted provided that such fuel is not stored in any machinery space and subject to the approval by the Director -General of the complete installation. (v) in ships, to which paragraph 67 is applicable, the use of oil fuel having a lower flashpoint than otherwise specified in sub-clause (i) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (2) is permitted. (vi) ships carrying oil fuel shall prior to bunkering be provided with a declaration signed and certified by the oil fuel supplier's representative that the oil fuel to be supplied is in conformity with sub -paragraph (2), and the test method used for determining t he flashpoint. A bunker delivery note for the oil fuel delivered to the ship shall contain either the flashpoint specified in accordance with standards acceptable to the organisation or a statement that the flashpoint has been measured at or above 70ºC; (vii) contracting Governments undertake to ensure that appropriate authorities designated by them inform the organisation , for transmission to contracting Governments and Member States thereof, of all confirmed cases (flashpoint) where oil fuel suppliers have fai led to meet the requirements specified in sub - paragraph (2) of this paragraph; (viii) contracting Governments undertake to ensure that appropriate authorities designated by them take action, as appropriate, against oil fuel suppliers that have been found to deliv er oil fuel that does not comply with clause (a) of sub -paragraph (2) of this paragraph; and (ix) oil fuel delivered to and used on board ships shall not jeopardize the safety of ships or adversely affect the performance of the machinery or be harmful to person nel. (b) arrangements for oil fuel, — in a ship in which oil fuel is used, the arrangements for the storage, distribution and utilization of the oil fuel shall be such as to ensure the safety of the ship and persons on board and shall at least comply with the following provisions (i) location of oil fuel systems — as far as practicable, parts of the oil fuel system containing heated oil under pressure exceeding 0.18 N/mm2 shall not be placed in a concealed position such that defects and leakage cannot readily be ob served. The machinery spaces in way of such parts of the oil fuel system shall be adequately illuminated; (ii) ventilation of machinery spaces — The ventilation of machinery spaces shall be sufficient under normal conditions to prevent accumulation of oil vapou r;. (iii) oil fuel tanks — (A) fuel oil, lubrication oil and other flammable oils shall not be carried in forepeak tanks; (B) as far as practicable, oil fuel tanks shall be part of the ship’s structure and shall be located outside machinery spaces of category A. Wher e oil fuel tanks, other than double bottom tanks, are necessarily located adjacent to or within machinery spaces of category A, at least one of their vertical sides shall be contiguous to the machinery space boundaries, and shall preferably have a common boundary with the double bottom tanks, and the area of the tank boundary common with the machinery spaces shall be kept to a minimum. Where such tanks are situated within the boundaries of machinery spaces of category A they shall not contain oil fuel havin g a flashpoint of less than 60°C. In general, the use of free - standing oil fuel tanks shall be avoided. Where permitted, they shall be placed in an oil -tight spill tray of ample size having a suitable drain pipe leading to a suitably sized spill oil tank. (C) no oil fuel tank shall be situated where spillage or leakage therefrom can constitute a fire or explosion hazard by falling on heated surfaces. (D) oil fuel pipes, which, if damaged, would allow oil to escape from a storage, settling or daily service tank ha ving a capacity of 500 liters and above situated above the double bottom, shall be fitted with a cock or valve directly on the tank capable of being closed from a safe position outside the space concerned in the event of a fire occurring in the space in wh ich such tanks are situated. In the special case of deep tanks situated in any shaft or pipe tunnel or similar space, valves on the tank shall be fitted, but control in the event of fire may be effected by means of an additional valve on the pipe or pipes outside the tunnel or similar space. If such an additional valve is fitted in the machinery space it shall be operated from a position outside this space. The controls for remote operation of the valve for the emergency generator fuel tank shall be in a se parate location from the controls for remote operation of other valves for tanks located in machinery spaces. (E) safe and efficient means of ascertaining the amount of oil fuel contained in any oil fuel tank shall be provided. (I) where sounding pipes are used, they shall not terminate in any space where the risk of ignition of spillage from the sounding pipe might arise. In particular, they shall not terminate in crew spaces. As a general rule, they shall not terminate in machinery spaces. However, where the Di rector - General considers that these latter requirements are impracticable, it may permit termination of sounding pipes in machinery spaces on condition that all of the following requirements are met: (aa) an oil -level gauge is provided meeting the requirements of sub -item (II) of item (E) of sub-clause (iii) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (2); (ab) the sounding pipes terminate in locations remote from ignition hazards unless precautions are taken, such as the fitting of effective screens, to prevent the oil fuel in the case of spillage through the terminations of the sounding pipes from coming into contact with a source of ignition; and (ac) the termination of sounding pipes are fitted with self -closing blanking devices and with a small -diameter self -closing control cock located below the blanking device for the purpose of ascertaining before the blanking device is opened that oil fuel is not present. Provisions shall be made so as to ensure that any spillage of oil fuel through the control cock involves no ignition hazar d; (II) other oil -level gauges may be used in place of sounding pipes subject to the following conditions as the failure of such gauges or overfilling of the tank shall not permit release of fuel into the space. The use of cylindrical gauge glasses is prohibit ed. The Director -General may permit the use of oil -level gauges with flat glasses and self -closing valves between the gauges and fuel tanks; (III) the means prescribed in sub -item (II) of item (E) of sub-clause (iii) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (2) which are acceptable to the Director -General shall be maintained in the proper condition to ensure their continued accurate functioning in service. (iv) prevention of overpressure - provisions shall be made to prevent overpressure in any oil tank or in any part of the oil fuel system, including the filling pipes served by pumps on board. Air and overflow pipes and relief valves shall discharge to a position where there is no risk of fire or explosion from the emergence of oils and vapour and shall not lead into crew spa ces, nor into special category spaces, closed ro -ro cargo spaces, machinery spaces or similar spaces. (v) oil fuel piping (A) oil fuel pipes and their valves and fittings shall be of steel or other approved material, except that restricted use of flexible pipes s hall be permissible in positions where the Director -General is satisfied that they are necessary. Such flexible pipes and end attachments shall be of approved fire -resisting materials of adequate strength and shall be constructed to the satisfaction of the Director - General. For valves fitted to oil fuel tanks and under static pressure, steel or spheroidal -graphite cast iron may be accepted. However, ordinary cast iron valves may be used in piping systems where the design pressure is lower than seven (7) bar and the design temperature is below 60°C; (B) external high -pressure fuel delivery lines between the high-pressure fuel pumps and fuel injectors shall be protected with a jacketed piping system capable of containing fuel from a high -pressure line failure. A jacketed pipe incorporates an outer pipe into which the high-pressure fuel pipe is placed, forming a permanent assembly. The jacketed piping system shall include a means for collection of leakages and arrangements shall be provided with an alarm in case of a fuel line failure; (C) oil fuel lines shall not be located immediately above or near units of high temperature including boilers, steam pipelines, exhaust manifolds, silencers or other equipment required to be insulated by sub -clause (vi) of clause(b) of su b-paragraph (2). As far as practicable, oil fuel lines shall be arranged far apart from hot surfaces, electrical installations or other sources of ignition and shall be screened or otherwise suitably protected to avoid oil spray or oil leakage onto the sou rces of ignition. The number of joints in such piping systems shall be kept to a minimum; (D) components of a diesel engine fuel system shall be designed considering the maximum peak pressure which shall be experienced in service, including any high pressure pulses which are generated and transmitted back into the fuel supply and spill lines by the action of fuel injection pumps. Connections within the fuel supply and spill lines shall be constructed having regard to their ability to prevent pressurized oil fu el leaks while in service and after maintenance; (E) in multi -engine installations which are supplied from the same fuel source, means of isolating the fuel supply and spill piping to individual engines, shall be provided. The means of isolation shall not aff ect the operation of the other engines and shall be operable from a position not rendered inaccessible by a fire on any of the engines; (F) where the Director -General may permit the conveying of oil and combustible liquids through accommodation and service sp aces, the pipes conveying oil or combustible liquids shall be of a material approved by the Director - General having regard to the fire risk. (vi) protection of high temperature surfaces — (A) surfaces with temperatures above 220°C which may be impinged as a res ult of a fuel system failure shall be properly insulated; (B) precautions shall be taken to prevent any oil that may escape under pressure from any pump, filter or heater from coming into contact with heated surfaces; (vii) arrangements for lubricating oil — (A) the arrangements for the storage, distribution and utilization of oil used in pressure lubrication systems shall be such as to ensure the safety of the ship and persons on board. The arrangements made in machinery spaces of category A, and whenever practicabl e in other machinery spaces, shall at least comply with the provisions of sub -paragraphs 2(b)(i) (2)(b)(iii)(C), (2)(b)(iii)(D), (2)(b)(E), (2)(b)(iv), (2)(b)(v)(A), 2)(b)(v)(C), (2)(b)(vi) except that: (I) this does not preclude the use of sight -flow glasses in lubricating systems provided that they are shown by testing to have a suitable degree of fire resistance; and (II) sounding pipes may be authorized in machinery spaces; however, the requirements of sub - paragraph(2)(b)(iii)(E)(I) (aa)and (2)(b)(iii)(E)(I) ( ac) need not be applied on condition that the sounding pipes are fitted with appropriate means of closure; (B) the provisions of item (D) of sub -clause (iii) clause (b) of sub-paragraph (2) shall also apply to lubricating oil tanks except those having a capaci ty less than 500 liter, storage tanks on which valves are closed during the normal operation mode of the ship, or where it is determined that an unintended operation of a quick closing valve on the oil lubricating tank would endanger the safe operation of the main propulsion and essential auxiliary machinery. (c) arrangements for other flammable oils — the arrangements for the storage, distribution and utilization of other flammable oils employed under pressure in power transmission systems, control and activat ing systems and heating systems shall be such as to ensure the safety of the ship and persons on board. Suitable oil collecting arrangements for leaks shall be fitted below hydraulic valves and cylinders. In locations where means of ignition are present, s uch arrangements shall at least comply with the provisions of sub -paragraphs (2)(b)(iii)(c),(2)(b)(iii)(E),(2)(b)(v)(C), (2)(b)(vi) and with the provisions of sub -paragraphs (2)(b)(iv) and)(2)(b)(v)(A) in respect of strength and construction; (d) arrangements for oil fuels in periodically unattended machinery spaces — in addition to the requirements of clauses (a) to (d) of sub -paragraph (2), the oil fuel and lubricating oil systems in a periodically unattended machinery space shall comply with the following; (i) where daily service oil fuel tanks are filled automatically, or by remote control, means shall be provided to prevent overflow spillages. Other equipment which treats flammable liquids automatically (e.g. oil fuel purifiers) which, whenever practicable, shall be installed in a special space reserved for purifiers and their heaters, shall have arrangements to prevent overflow spillages; and (ii) where daily service oil fuel tanks or settling tanks are fitted with heating arrangements, a high temperature alarm shall be provided if the flashpoint of the oil fuel can be exceeded. (3) arrangements for gaseous fuel for domestic purposes — gaseous fuel systems used for domestic purposes shall be approved by the Director - General. Storage of gas bottles shall be located o n the open deck or in a well-ventilated space which opens only to the open deck. (4) miscellaneous items of ignition and ignitability — (a) electric radiators, if used, shall be fixed in position and so constructed as to reduce fire risks to a minimum. No such r adiators shall be fitted with an element so exposed that clothing, curtains, or other similar materials can be scorched or set on fire by heat from the element. (b) waste receptacles shall be constructed of non -combustible materials with no openings in the si des or bottom. (c) in spaces where penetration of oil products is possible, the surface of insulation shall be impervious to oil or oil vapours. (d) primary deck coverings, if applied within accommodation and service spaces and control stations, shall be of approv ed material which shall not readily ignite, this being determined in accordance with the fire test procedures code. (5) cargo areas of tankers — (a) separation of cargo oil tanks — (i) cargo pump -rooms, cargo tanks, slop tanks and cofferdams shall be positioned f orward of machinery spaces. However, oil fuel bunker tanks need not be forward of machinery spaces. Cargo tanks and slop tanks shall be isolated from machinery spaces by cofferdams, cargo pump -rooms, oil bunker tanks or ballast tanks. Pump -rooms containing pumps and their accessories for ballasting those spaces situated adjacent to cargo tanks and slop tanks and pumps for oil fuel transfer, shall be considered as equivalent to a cargo pump -room within the context of this paragraph provided that such pump -rooms have the same safety standard as that required for cargo pump -rooms. Pump -rooms intended solely for ballast or oil fuel transfer, however, need not comply with the requirements of sub -paragraph (9) of paragraph 77. The lower portion of the pump -room ma y be recessed into machinery spaces of category A to accommodate pumps, provided that the deck head of the recess is in general not more than one third of the moulded depth above the keel, except that in the case of ships of not more than 25,000 tonnes dea dweight, where it can be demonstrated that for reasons of access and satisfactory piping arrangements this is impracticable, the Director -General may permit a recess in excess of such height, but not exceeding one half of the moulded depth above the keel. (ii) main cargo control stations, control stations, accommodation and service spaces (excluding isolated cargo handling gear lockers) shall be positioned aft of cargo tanks, slop tanks, and spaces which isolate cargo or slop tanks from machinery spaces, but no t necessarily aft of the oil fuel bunker tanks and ballast tanks, and shall be arranged in such a way that a single failure of a deck or bulkhead shall not permit the entry of gas or fumes from the cargo tanks into an accommodation spaces, main cargo contr ol stations, control stations, or service spaces. A recess provided in accordance with sub - clause (i) of clause (a) sub -paragraph (5) need not be taken into account when the position of these spaces is being determined. (iii) however, where deemed necessary, t he Director - General may permit main cargo control stations, control stations, accommodation and service spaces forward of the cargo tanks, slop tanks and spaces which isolate cargo and slop tanks from machinery spaces, but not necessarily forward of oil fu el bunker tanks or ballast tanks. Machinery spaces, other than those of category A, may be permitted forward of the cargo tanks and slop tanks provided they are isolated from the cargo tanks and slop tanks by cofferdams, cargo pump - rooms, oil fuel bunker t anks or ballast tanks, and have at least one portable fire extinguisher. In cases where they contain internal combustion machinery, one approved foam -type extinguisher of at least 45 liter capacity or equivalent shall be arranged in addition to portable fi re extinguishers. If operation of a semi - portable fire extinguisher is impracticable, this fire extinguisher may be replaced by two additional portable fire extinguishers. Main cargo control stations, control stations and accommodation and service spaces s hall be arranged in such a way that a single failure of a deck or bulkhead shall not permit the entry of gas or fumes from the cargo tanks into such spaces. In addition, where deemed necessary for the safety or navigation of the ship, the Director -General may permit machinery spaces containing internal combustion machinery not being main propulsion machinery having an output greater than 375 kilowatt (kW) to be located forward of the cargo area provided the arrangements are in accordance with the provisions of this sub - paragraph. (iv) in combination carriers only: (A) the slop tanks shall be surrounded by cofferdams except where the boundaries of the slop tanks are part of the hull, main cargo deck, cargo pump -room bulkhead or oil fuel bunker tank. These cofferdam s shall not be open to a double bottom, pipe tunnel, pump -room or other enclosed space, nor shall they be used for cargo or ballast and shall not be connected to piping systems serving oil cargo or ballast. Means shall be provided for filling the cofferdam s with water and for draining them. Where the boundary of a slop tank is part of the cargo pump - room bulkhead, the pump -room shall not be open to the double bottom, pipe tunnel or other enclosed space; however, openings provided with gastight bolted covers may be permitted; (B) means shall be provided for isolating the piping connecting the pump -room with the slop tanks referred to in item (A) of sub -clause (iv) clause (a) of sub-paragraph (5). The means of isolation shall consist of a valve followed by a spec tacle flange or a spool piece with appropriate blank flanges. This arrangement shall be located adjacent to the slop tanks, but where this is unreasonable or impracticable, it may be located within the pump - room directly after the piping penetrates the bulkhead. A separate permanently installed pumping and piping arrangement incorporating a manifold, provided with a shut -off valve and a blank flange, shall be provided for discharging the contents of the slop tanks directly to the open deck for disposal to shore reception facilities when the ship is in the dry cargo mode. When the transfer system is used for slop transfer in the dry cargo mode, it shall have no connection to other systems. Separation from other systems by means of removal of spool pieces may be accepted; (C) hatches and tank cleaning openings to slop tanks shall only be permitted on the open deck and shall be fitted with closing arrangements. Except where they consist of bolted plates with bolts at watertight spacing, these closing arrangements s hall be provided with locking arrangements under the control of the responsible ship’s officer; and (D) where cargo wing tanks are provided, cargo oil lines below deck shall be installed inside these tanks. However, the Director -General may permit cargo oil lines to be placed in special ducts provided they are capable of being adequately cleaned and ventilated to the satisfaction of the Director -General. Where cargo wing tanks are not provided, cargo oil lines below deck shall be placed in special ducts. (v) wher e the fitting of a navigation position above the cargo area is shown to be necessary, it shall be for navigation purposes only and it shall be separated from the cargo tank deck by means of an open space with a height of at least 2 meters. The fire protect ion requirements for such a navigation position shall be that required for control stations, as specified in sub - clause (ii) of clause(c) of sub -paragraph (2) of paragraph 76 and other provisions for tankers, as applicable; and (vi) means shall be provided to keep deck spills away from the accommodation and service areas. This may be accomplished by provision of a permanent continuous coaming of a height of at least 300 millimeter, extending from side to side. Special consideration shall be given to the arrang ements associated with stern loading. (b) restriction on boundary openings — (i) except as permitted in in sub - clause (ii) of clause(b) of sub -paragraph (5), access doors, air inlets and openings to accommodation spaces, service spaces, control stations and ma chinery spaces shall not face the cargo area. They shall be located on the transverse bulkhead not facing the cargo area or on the outboard side of the superstructure or deckhouse at a distance of at least 4 per cent. of the length of the ship but not less than three (3) meters from the end of the superstructure or deckhouse facing the cargo area. This distance need not exceed five (5) meters; (ii) the Director -General may permit access doors in boundary bulkheads facing the cargo area or within the five (5) me ters limits specified in in sub -clause (i) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph(5) , to main cargo control stations and to such service spaces used as provision rooms, store -rooms and lockers, provided they do not give access directly or indirectly to any other space containing or providing for accommodation, control stations or service spaces such as galleys, pantries or workshops, or similar spaces containing sources of vapour ignition. The boundary of such a space shall be insulated to “A -60” class standard, w ith the exception of the boundary facing the cargo area. Bolted plates for the removal of machinery may be fitted within the limits specified in sub -clause (i) of clause(b) of sub -paragraph (5). Wheelhouse doors and windows may be located within the limits specified in sub -clause (i) of clause(b) of sub -paragraph (5) so long as they are designed to ensure that the wheelhouse can be made rapidly and efficiently gastight and vapour tight. (iii) windows and side scuttles facing the cargo area and on the sides of th e superstructures and deckhouses within the limits specified in sub -clause (i) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (5) shall be of the fixed (non - opening) type. Such windows and side scuttles, except wheelhouse windows, shall be constructed to “A-60” class stan dard except that “A -0” class standard is acceptable for windows and sidescuttles outside the limit specified in category (10) of clause (c) of sub -paragraph (2) of paragraph 76; (iv) where there is permanent access from a pipe tunnel to the main pump -room, a w atertight door shall be fitted complying with the requirements of sub - paragraph (2) of paragraph 29 and, in addition, with the following - (A) in addition to the bridge operation, the watertight door shall be capable of being manually closed from outside the m ain pump -room entrance; and (B) the watertight door shall be kept closed during normal operations of the ship except when access to the pipe tunnel is required. (v) permanent approved gastight lighting enclosures for illuminating cargo pump -rooms may be permitted in bulkheads and decks separating cargo pump -rooms and other spaces provided they are of adequate strength and the integrity and gas tightness of the bulkhead or deck are maintained. (vi) the arrangement of ventilation inlets and outlets and other deckhouse an d superstructure boundary space openings shall be such as to complement the provisions of clause (c) of sub -paragraph (5) of this paragraph and sub -paragraph (6) of paragraph 78. Such vents, especially for machinery spaces, shall be situated as far aft as practicable. Due consideration in this regard shall be given when the ship is equipped to load or discharge at the stern. Sources of ignition such as electrical equipment shall be so arranged as to avoid an explosion hazard. (c) cargo tank venting — (i) general requirements — the venting systems of cargo tanks shall be entirely distinct from the air pipes of the other compartments of the ship. The arrangements and position of openings in the cargo tank deck from which emission of flammable vapours can occur shal l be such as to minimize the possibility of flammable vapours being admitted to enclosed spaces containing a source of ignition or collecting in the vicinity of deck machinery and equipment which may constitute an ignition hazard. In accordance with this g eneral principle, the criteria in sub -clause (ii) and (v) of clause (c) of sub - paragraph (5) of this paragraph and sub -paragraph (6) of paragraph 78 shall apply. (ii) venting arrangements — (A) the venting arrangements in each cargo tank may be independent or com bined with other cargo tanks and may be incorporated into the inert gas piping. (B) where the arrangements are combined with other cargo tanks, either stop valves or other acceptable means shall be provided to isolate each cargo tank. Where stop valves are fi tted, they shall be provided with locking arrangements which shall be under the control of the responsible ship’s officer. There shall be a clear visual indication of the operational status of the valves or other acceptable means. Where tanks have been iso lated, it shall be ensured that relevant isolating valves are opened before cargo loading or ballasting or discharging ossf those tanks is commenced. Any isolation must continue to permit the flow caused by thermal variations in a cargo tank in accordance with sub -clause (i) of clause (a) of sub - paragraph (6) of paragraph 78. For tankers constructed on or after the 1st January, 2017, any isolation shall also continue to permit the passage of large volumes of vapour, air or inert gas mixtures during cargo l oading and ballasting, or during discharging in accordance with sub - clause (ii) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (6) of paragraph 78; (C) if cargo loading and ballasting or discharging of a cargo tank or cargo tank group is intended, which is isolated from a co mmon venting system, that cargo tank or cargo tank group shall be fitted with a means for over -pressure or under -pressure protection as required in sub -clause (ii) of clause (c) of sub -paragraph (6) of paragraph 78. (D) the venting arrangements shall be conne cted to the top of each cargo tank and shall be self -draining to the cargo tanks under all normal conditions of trim and list of the ship. Where it may not be possible to provide self -draining lines, permanent arrangements shall be provided to drain the ve nt lines to a cargo tank. (iii) safety devices in the venting system shall be provided with devices to prevent the passage of flame into the cargo tanks. The design, testing and locating of these devices shall comply with the requirements established by the Di rector - General based on the guidelines developed by the organisation. Ullage openings shall not be used for pressure equalization. They shall be provided with self -closing and tightly sealing covers. Flame arresters and screens are not permitted in these o penings. (iv) vent outlets for cargo handling and ballasting — (A) vent outlets for cargo loading, discharging and ballasting required by sub -clause (ii) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (6) of paragraph 78 shall: (I) (aa) permit the free flow of vapour mixtures; or (bb) permit the throttling of the discharge of the vapour mixtures to achieve a velocity of not less than 30 meter per second (m/s); (II) be so arranged that the vapour mixture is discharged vertically upwards; (III) where the method is by free flow of vap our mixtures, be such that the outlet shall be not less than six (6) meters above the cargo tank deck or fore and aft gangway if situated within four (4) meters of the gangway and located not less than ten (10) meters measured horizontally from the neares t air intakes and openings to enclosed spaces containing a source of ignition and from deck machinery, which may include anchor windlass and chain locker openings, and equipment which may constitute an ignition hazard; and (IV) where the method is by high -velocity discharge, be located at a height not less than two (2) meters above the cargo tank deck and not less than ten (10) meters measured horizontally from the nearest air intakes and openings to enclosed spaces containing a source of ignition and from deck machinery, which may include anchor windlass and chain locker openings, and equipment which may constitute an ignition hazard. These outlets shall be provided with high-velocity devices of an approved type. (B) the arrangements for the venting of vapours dis placed from the cargo tanks during loading and ballasting shall comply with clause (c) of sub -paragraph (5) of this paragraph and sub -paragraph (6) of paragraph 78 and shall consist of either one or more mast risers, or a number of high -velocity vents. The inert gas supply main may be used for such venting. (v) isolation of slop tanks in combination carriers — In combination carriers, the arrangements for isolating slop tanks containing oil or oil residues from other cargo tanks shall consist of blank flanges which shall remain in position at all times when cargoes other than liquid cargoes referred to in clause (a) of sub-paragraph (6) paragraph 69 are carried. (d) Ventilation — (i) ventilation systems in cargo pump -rooms — cargo pump -rooms shall be mechanically vent ilated and discharges from the exhaust fans shall be led to a safe place on the open deck. The ventilation of these rooms shall have sufficient capacity to minimize the possibility of accumulation of flammable vapours. The number of air changes shall be at least 20 per hour, based upon the gross volume of the space. The air ducts shall be arranged so that all of the space is effectively ventilated. The ventilation shall be of the suction type using fans of the non -sparking type. (ii) ventilation systems in combi nation carriers — in combination carriers, cargo spaces and any enclosed spaces adjacent to cargo spaces shall be capable of being mechanically ventilated. The mechanical ventilation may be provided by portable fans. An approved fixed gas warning system ca pable of monitoring flammable vapours shall be provided in cargo pump -rooms, pipe ducts and cofferdams, as referred to in sub -clause (iv) of clause (a) of sub - paragraph (5) adjacent to slop tanks. Suitable arrangements shall be made to facilitate measureme nt of flammable vapours in all other spaces within the cargo area. Such measurements shall be made possible from the open deck or easily accessible positions (e) Inert gas systems — (i) application — (A) for tankers of 20,000 tonnes deadweight and upwards constructe d on or after the 1st July, 2002 but before the 1st January, 2016, the protection of the cargo tanks shall be achieved by a fixed inert gas system in accordance with the requirements of the fire safety systems code, as adopted by Maritime Safety Committee resolution, MSC.98(73) except that the Director -General may accept other equivalent systems or arrangements, as described in sub clause (iv) of clause (e) of Sub -paragraph (5). (B) for tankers of 8,000 tonnes deadweight and upwards constructed on or after the 1st January 2016 when carrying cargoes described in sub -clauses (i) and (ii) of clause (b) o f sub -paragraph (6) of paragraph 69, the protection of the cargo tanks shall be achieved by a fixed inert gas system in accordance with the requirements of the fire safety systems code, except that the Director - General may accept other equivalent systems o r arrangements, as described in sub -clause (iv) clause (e) of sub -paragraph(5); (C) tankers operating with a cargo tank cleaning procedure using crude oil washing shall be fitted with an inert gas system complying with the fire safety systems code and with fix ed tank washing machines. However, inert gas systems fitted on tankers constructed on or after the 1st July 2002 but before the 1st January 2016 shall comply with the Fire Safety Systems Code, as adopted by Maritime Safety Committee resolution, MSC.98(73) . (D) tankers required to be fitted with inert gas systems shall comply with the following provis ions: (I) double hull spaces shall be fitted with suitable connections for the supply of inert gas; (II) where hull spaces are connected to a permanently fitted inert gas distribution system, means shall be provided to prevent hydrocarbon gases from the cargo tank s entering the double hull spaces through the system; and (III) where such spaces are not permanently connected to an inert gas distribution system, appropriate means shall be provided to allow connection to the inert gas main. (ii) inert gas systems of chemical t ankers and gas carriers (A) the requirements for inert gas systems contained in the fire safety systems code need not be applied to chemical tankers constructed before the 1st January, 2016, including those constructed before the 1st July, 2012, and all gas ca rriers: (I) when carrying cargoes described in sub -clauses (i) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (6) of paragraph 69, provided that they comply with the requirements for inert gas systems on chemical tankers established by the Director -General, based on the guide lines developed by the organisation ; or (II) when carrying flammable cargoes other than crude oil or petroleum products such as cargoes listed in chapters 17 and 18 of the international bulk chemical code, provided that the capacity of tanks used for their carr iage does not exceed 3,000 cubic meter (m3) and the individual nozzle capacities of tank washing machines do not exceed 17.5 m3/h and the total combined throughput from the number of machines in use in a cargo tank at any one time does not exceed 110 m3/h. (iii) general req uirements for inert gas systems — (A) the inert gas system shall be capable of inerting, purging and gas -freeing empty tanks and maintaining the atmosphere in cargo tanks with the required oxygen content. (B) tankers fitted with a fixed inert gas syst em shall be provided with a closed ullage system. (iv) requirements for equivalent systems — (A) the Director -General may, after having given consideration to the ship's arrangement and equipment, accept other fixed installations, in accordance with regulation I /5 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974 and item (C) of sub -clause (iv) of clause (e) of sub-paragraph (5); (B) or tankers of 8,000 tonnes deadweight and upwards but less than 20,000 tonnes deadweight constructed on or after the 1st January, 2016, in lieu of fixed installations as required by item (A) of sub -clause (iv) of clause (e) of sub -paragraph (5), the Director -General may accept other equivalent arrangements or means of protection in accordance with regulation I/5 of Internat ional Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974 and item (C) of sub - clause (iv) of clause (e) of sub -paragraph (5); (C) equivalent systems or arrangements shall: — (I) be capable of preventing dangerous accumulations of explosive mixtures in intact cargo ta nks during normal service throughout the ballast voyage and necessary in -tank operations; and (II) be so designed as to minimize the risk of ignition from the generation of static electricity by the system itself. (f) inerting, purging and gas -freeing (i) arrangem ents for purging or gas -freeing shall be such as to minimise the hazards due to dispersal of flammable vapours in the atmosphere and to flammable mixtures in a cargo tank; (ii) the procedure for cargo tank purging and/or gas - freeing shall be carried out in acc ordance with clause (b) of sub -paragraph (3) of paragraph 83; (iii) the arrangements for inerting, purging or gas -freeing of empty tanks as required in item (A) of sub -clause (iii) of clause (e) of sub -paragraph (5) shall be to the satisfaction of the Director -General and shall be such that the accumulation of hydrocarbon vapours in pockets formed by the internal structural members in a tank is minimized and that - (A) on individual cargo tanks, the gas outlet pipe, if fitted, shall be positioned as far as practicabl e from the inert gas/air inlet and in accordance with clause (c) of sub -paragraph (5) of this paragraph and sub -paragraph (6) of paragraph 78. The inlet of such outlet pipes may be located either at deck level or at not more than 1 meters above the bottom of the tank; (B) the cross -sectional area of such gas outlet pipe referred to in item (A) of sub -clause (iii) of clause (f) of sub -paragraph (5) shall be such that an exit velocity of at least twenty meters per second (20 m/s) can be maintained when any three tanks are being simultaneously supplied with inert gas. Their outlets shall extend not less than two (2) meters above deck level; and (C) each gas outlet referred to in item (B) of sub - clause (iii) of clause (f) of sub -paragraph (5) shall be fitted with suit able blanking arrangements. (g) gas Measurement (i) portable instrument — tankers shall be equipped with at least one portable instrument for measuring flammable vapour concentrations, together with a sufficient set of spares. Suitable means shall be provided f or the calibration of such instruments. (ii) arrangements for gas measurements in double hull and double bottom spaces — (A) suitable portable instruments for measuring oxygen and flammable vapour concentrations shall be provided. In selecting these instruments, du e attention shall be given to their use in combination with the fixed gas sampling line systems referred to in item (B) of sub -clause (g) of clause (ii) of sub -paragraph (5); (B) where the atmosphere in double hull spaces cannot be reliably measured using flex ible gas sampling hoses, such spaces shall be fitted with permanent gas sampling lines. The configuration of gas sampling lines shall be adapted to the design of such spaces; (C) the materials of construction and the dimensions of gas sampling lines shall be such as to prevent restriction. Where plastic materials are used, they shall be electrically conductive. (iii) arrangements for fixed hydrocarbon gas detection systems in double -hull and double -bottom spaces of oil tankers — (A) in addition to the requirements i n sub -clauses (i) and (ii) of clause (g) of sub -paragraph (5) oil tankers of 20,000 tonnes deadweight and above, constructed on or after the 1st January, 2012, shall be provided with a fixed hydrocarbon gas detection system complying with the fire safety s ystems code for measuring hydrocarbon gas concentrations in all ballast tanks and void spaces of double -hull and double -bottom spaces adjacent to the cargo tanks, including the forepeak tank and any other tanks and spaces under the bulkhead deck adjacent t o cargo tanks; (B) oil tankers provided with constant operative inerting systems for such spaces need not be equipped with fixed hydrocarbon gas detection equipment; (C) the above, cargo pump -rooms subject to the provisions of clause (j) of sub -paragraph (5) need not comply with the requirements of this paragraph. (h) air supply to double hull and double bottom spaces, double hull and double bottom spaces shall be fitted with suitable connections for the supply of air. (i) protection of cargo area — drip pans for collect ing cargo residues in cargo lines and hoses shall be provided in the area of pipe and hose connections under the manifold area. Cargo hoses and tank washing hoses shall have electrical continuity over their entire lengths including couplings and flanges (except shore connections) and shall be earthed for removal of electrostatic charges. (j) protection of cargo pump -rooms — (i) in tankers: — (A) cargo pumps, ballast pumps and stripping pumps, installed in cargo pump -rooms and driven by shafts passing through pump-room bulkheads shall be fitted with temperature sensing devices for bulkhead shaft glands, bearings and pump casings. A continuous audible and visual alarm signal shall be automatically effected in the cargo control room or the pump control station; (B) lighting in cargo pump -rooms, except emergency lighting, shall be interlocked with ventilation such that the ventilation shall be in operation when switching on the lighting. Failure of the ventilation system shall not cause the lighting to go out; (C) a system for continuous monitoring of the concentration of hydrocarbon gases shall be fitted. Sampling points or detector heads shall be located in suitable positions in order that potentially dangerous leakages are readily detected. When the hydrocarbon gas concen tration reaches a pre -set level which shall not be higher than 10% of the lower flammable limit, a continuous audible and visual alarm signal shall be automatically effected in the pump -room, engine control room, cargo control room and navigation bridge to alert personnel to the potential hazard; and (D) all pump -rooms shall be provided with bilge level monitoring devices together with appropriately located alarms (72) Fire growth potential. — (1) The purpose of this paragraph is to limit the fire growth potenti al in every space of the ship. For this purpose, the following functional requirements shall be met: (a) means of control for the air supply to space shall be provided; (b) means of control for flammable liquids in space shall be provided; and (c) the use of combust ible materials shall be restricted. (2) control of air supply and flammable liquid to the space — (a) closing appliances and stopping devices of ventilation — (i) the main inlets and outlets of all ventilation systems shall be capable of being closed from outside t he spaces being ventilated. The means of closing shall be easily accessible as well as prominently and permanently marked and shall indicate whether the shut -off is open or closed; (ii) power ventilation of accommodation spaces, service spaces, cargo spaces, c ontrol stations and machinery spaces shall be capable of being stopped from an easily accessible position outside the space being served. This position shall not be readily cut off in the event of a fire in the spaces served. (b) means of control in machinery spaces — (i) means of control shall be provided for opening and closure of skylights, closure of openings in funnels which normally allow exhaust ventilation and closure of ventilator dampers; (ii) means of control shall be provided for stopping ventilating fans . Controls provided for the power ventilation serving machinery spaces shall be grouped so as to be operable from two positions, one of which shall be outside such spaces. The means provided for stopping the power ventilation of the machinery spaces shall be entirely separate from the means provided for stopping ventilation of other spaces; (iii) means of control shall be provided for stopping forced and induced draught fans, oil fuel transfer pumps, oil fuel unit pumps, lubricating oil service pumps, thermal oi l circulating pumps and oil separators (purifiers). However, sub -clause (iv) of clause (b) of sub - paragraph (2) need not apply to oily water separators; (iv) the controls required in sub -clauses (i) to (iii) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (2) and in item (D) of sub- clause (iii) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (2) of paragraph 71 shall be located outside the space concerned so they shall not be cut off in the event of fire in the space they serve. (c) additional requirements for means of control in periodically unatt ended machinery spaces - for periodically unattended machinery spaces, the Director -General shall give special consideration to maintaining the fire integrity of the machinery spaces, the location and centralization of the fire - extinguishing system control s, the required shutdown arrangements (e.g. ventilation, fuel pumps, etc.) and that additional fire -extinguishing appliances and other fire -fighting equipment and breathing apparatus may be required. (3) fire protection materials — (a) use of non -combustible ma terials — (i) insulating materials shall be non -combustible, except in cargo spaces, mail rooms, baggage rooms and refrigerated compartments of service spaces. Vapour barriers and adhesives used in conjunction with insulation, as well as the insulation of pip e fittings for cold service systems, need not be of non -combustible materials, but they shall be kept to the minimum quantity practicable and their exposed surfaces shall have low flame -spread characteristics. (ii) ceilings and linings in cargo ships, all lini ngs, ceilings, draught stops and their associated grounds shall be of non - combustible materials in the following spaces: — (A) in accommodation and service spaces and control stations for ships where method IC is specified as referred to in sub -item (I) item ( A) of sub -clause (i) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (2) of paragraph 76; and (B) in corridors and stairway enclosures serving accommodation and service spaces and control stations for ships where methods IIC and IIIC are specified as referred to sub -items (II ) and (III) item (A) of sub -clause (i) of clause (b) of sub - paragraph (2) of paragraph 76. (b) use of combustible materials — (i) general — (A) on cargo ships, non -combustible bulkheads, ceilings and linings fitted in accommodation and service spaces may be faced with combustible materials, facings, mouldings, decorations and veneers provided such spaces are bounded by non -combustible bulkheads, ceilings and linings in accordance with the provisions of sub -clauses (ii) to (iv) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (3) of this paragraph and paragraph 73. (ii) maximum calorific value of combustible materials — combustible materials used on the surfaces and linings specified in sub -clause (i) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (3) shall have a calorific value not exceeding forty f ive (45) Megajoule per Square Meter (MJ/m2) of the area for the thickness used. The requirements of this sub - paragraph are not applicable to the surfaces of furniture fixed to linings or bulkheads. (iii) total volume of combustible materials — Where combustible materials are used in accordance with sub -clause (i) of clause (b) of sub-paragraph (3), they shall comply with the following requirements: — (A) the total volume of combustible facings, mouldings, decorations and veneers in accommodation and service spaces shall not exceed a volume equivalent to 2.5 millimeter veneer on the combined area of the walls and ceiling linings. Furniture fixed to linings, bulkheads or decks need not be included in the calculation of the total volume of combustible materials; and (B) in the case of ships fitted with an automatic sprinkler system complying with the provisions of the fire safety systems code, the above volume may include some combustible material used for erection of “C” class divisions. (iv) low flame -spread characteristics of exposed surfaces — the following surfaces shall have low flame -spread characteristics in accordance with the fire test procedures code, in cargo ships: (A) exposed surfaces in corridors and stairway enclosures and of ceilings in accommodation and service spaces (except saunas) and control stations; and (B) surfaces and grounds in concealed or inaccessible spaces in accommodation and service spaces and control stations. (73) Smoke generation potential and toxicity. — (1) the purpose of this paragraph is to reduce the hazard to life from smoke and toxic products generated during a fire in spaces where persons normally work or live. For this purpose, the quantity of smoke and toxic products released from combustible materials, including surface finishes, during fire shall be limited. (2) paints, varnishes and other finishes — used on exposed interior surfaces shall not be capable of producing excessive quantities of smoke and toxic products, this being determined in accordance with the fire test procedures code. (3) primar y deck coverings — if applied within accommodation and service spaces and control stations, shall be of approved material which shall not give rise to smoke or toxic or explosive hazards at elevated temperatures, this being determined in accordance with th e fire test procedures code. CHAPTER -X SUPPRESSION OF FIRE (74) Detection and alarm. — (1) the purpose of this paragraph is to detect a fire in the space of origin and to provide for alarm for safe escape and fire - fighting activity. For this purpose, the foll owing functional requirements shall be met, — (a) fixed fire detection and fire alarm system installations shall be suitable for the nature of the space, fire growth potential and potential generation of smoke and gases; (b) manually operated call points shall be placed effectively to ensure a readily accessible means of notification; and (c) fire patrols shall provide an effective means of detecting and locating fires and alerting the navigation bridge and fire teams (2) General requirements, — (a) a fixed fire detectio n and fire alarm system shall be provided in accordance with the provisions of this paragraph. (b) a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system and a sample extraction smoke detection system required in this paragraph and other paragraphs in this rule shall b e of an approved type and comply with the Fire Safety Systems Code. (c) where a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system is required for the protection of spaces other than those specified in clause (a) of sub -paragraph (5) at least one detector complying w ith the Fire Safety Systems Code shall be installed in each such space. (3) Initial and periodical tests, — (a) the function of fixed fire detection and fire alarm systems required by the relevant paragraphs of these rules shall be tested under varying conditio ns of ventilation after installation. (b) the function of fixed fire detection and fire alarm systems shall be periodically tested to the satisfaction of the Director -General by means of equipment producing hot air at the appropriate temperature, or smoke or aerosol particles having the appropriate range of density or particle size, or other phenomena associated with incipient fires to which the detector is designed to respond. (4) Protection of machinery spaces, — (a) installation - a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system shall be installed in: (i) periodically unattended machinery spaces; and (ii) machinery spaces where: (A) the installation of automatic and remote control systems and equipment has been approved in lieu of continuous manning of the space; and (B) the main p ropulsion and associated machinery, including sources of the main sources of electrical power are provided with various degrees of automatic or remote control and are under continuous manned supervision from a control room. (iii) enclosed spaces containing inci nerators. (b) design — The fixed fire detection and fire alarm system required in sub - clause (i) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (4) shall be so designed and the detectors so positioned as to detect rapidly the onset of fire in any part of those spaces and under any normal conditions of operation of the machinery and variations of ventilation as required by the possible range of ambient temperatures. Except in spaces of restricted height and where their use is specially appropriate, detection systems using only thermal detectors shall not be permitted. The detection system shall initiate audible and visual alarms distinct in both respects from the alarms of any other system not indicating fire, in sufficient places to ensure that the alarms are heard and observe d on the navigating bridge and by a responsible engineer officer. When the navigating bridge is unmanned the alarm shall sound in a place where a responsible member of the crew is on duty. (5) Protection of accommodation and service spaces and control stations — (a) smoke detectors in accommodation spaces — Smoke detectors shall be installed in all stairways, corridors and escape routes within accommodation spaces. Consideration shall be given to the installation of special purpose smoke detectors within ventilati on ducting. (b) cargo ships — The requirements of this paragraph shall apply to ships constructed on or after the 1st January, 2026. Ships constructed before the 1st January, 2026 shall comply with the previously applicable requirements of this paragraph. Acco mmodation and service spaces and control stations of cargo ships shall be protected by a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system or an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system as follows depending on a protection method adopted in accor dance with sub -clause (i) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (2) of paragraph 76. (i) method IC - A fixed fire detection and fire alarm system shall be so installed and arranged as to provide smoke detection in all corridors, stairways and escape routes within accommodation spaces. (ii) method IIC - An automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system of an approved type complying with the relevant requirements of the fire safety systems code shall be installed and arranged as to protect accommodation spaces, g alleys and other service spaces, except spaces which afford no substantial fire risk such as void spaces, sanitary spaces, etc. In addition, a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system shall be so installed and arranged as to provide smoke detection in all corridors, stairways and escape routes within accommodation spaces. (iii) method IIIC - A fixed fire detection and fire alarm system shall be so installed and arranged as to detect the presence of fire in all accommodation spaces and service spaces, providing smoke detection in corridors, stairways and escape routes within accommodation spaces, except spaces which afford no substantial fire risk such as void spaces, sanitary spaces, etc. In addition, a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system shall be so ins talled and arranged as to provide smoke detection in all corridors, stairways and escape routes within accommodation spaces. (6) Manually operated call points — complying with the fire safety systems code shall be installed throughout the accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations. one manually operated call point shall be located at each exit. Manually operated call points shall be readily accessible in the corridors of each deck such that no part of the corridor is more than twenty (20) meters from a manually operated call point. (75) Control of smoke spread. — (1) the purpose of this paragraph is to control the spread of smoke in order to minimize the hazards from smoke. For this purpose, means for controlling smoke in atriums, control stations, machinery spaces and concealed spaces shall be provided. (1) protection of control stations outside machinery spaces: Practicable measures shall be taken for control stations outside machinery spaces in order to ensure that ventilation, visibility and freedom f rom smoke are maintained so that, in the event of fire, the machinery and equipment contained therein may be supervised and continue to function effectively. Alternative and separate means of air supply shall be provided and air inlets of the two sources o f supply shall be so disposed that the risk of both inlets drawing in smoke simultaneously is minimized. At the discretion of the Director - General, such requirements need not apply to control stations situated on, and opening on to, an open deck or where l ocal closing arrangements would be equally effective. The ventilation system serving safety centres may be derived from the ventilation system serving the navigation bridge, unless located in an adjacent main vertical zone. (2) release of smoke from machinery spaces — (a) the provisions of this sub -paragraph shall apply to machinery spaces of category A and, where the Director -General considers desirable, to other machinery spaces. (b) suitable arrangements shall be made to permit the release of smoke, in the event of fire, from the space to be protected, subject to the provisions of sub - clause (i) of clause (b) of sub - paragraph (5) of paragraph 76. Normal ventilation systems may be acceptable for this purpose. (c) means of control shall be provided for permitting the re lease of smoke and such controls shall be located outside the space concerned so that, in the event of fire, they shall not be cut off from the space they serve. (3) Draught stops: air spaces enclosed behind ceilings, paneling or linings shall be divided by c lose-fitting draught stops spaced not more than 14 meters apart. In the vertical direction, such enclosed air spaces, including those behind linings of stairways, trunks, etc., shall be closed at each deck. (76) Containment of fire . — (1) The purpose of this p aragraph is to contain a fire in the space of origin. For this purpose, the following functional requirements shall be met, — (a) the ship shall be subdivided by thermal and structural boundaries; (b) thermal insulation of boundaries shall have due regard to th e fire risk of the space and adjacent spaces; (c) the fire integrity of the divisions shall be maintained at openings and penetrations. (2) thermal and structural boundaries, — (a) thermal and structural subdivision — ships of all types shall be subdivided into spa ces by thermal and structural divisions having regard to the fire risks of the spaces; (b) cargo ships except tankers — (i) methods of protection in accommodation area — (A) one of the following methods of protection shall be adopted in accommodation and service spa ces and control stations: (I) method IC – The construction of internal divisional bulkheads of non -combustible “B” or “C” class divisions generally without the installation of an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system in the accommodation a nd service spaces, except as required by sub -clause (i) of clause (b) of sub - paragraph (5) of paragraph 74; or (II) method IIC - The fitting of an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm system as required by sub - clause (ii) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (5) of paragraph 74; or for the detection and extinction of fire in all spaces in which fire might be expected to originate, generally with no restriction on the type of internal divisional bulkheads; or (III) method IIIC - The fitting of a fixed fire de tection and fire alarm system as required by sub -clause (iii) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (5) of paragraph 74; in spaces in which a fire might be expected to originate, generally with no restriction on the type of internal divisional bulkheads, except that in no case must the area of any accommodation space or spaces bounded by an “A” or “B” class division exceed fifty (50) square meters (m2). Consideration may be given by the Director -General to increasing this area for public spaces. (B) the requirements for the use of non -combustible materials in the construction and insulation of boundary bulkheads of machinery spaces, control stations, service spaces, etc., and the protection of the above stairway enclosures and corridors shall be common to all three m ethods outlined in item (A) of sub-clause (i) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (2). (ii) bulkheads within accommodation area (A) bulkheads required to be “B” class divisions shall extend from deck to deck and to the shell or other boundaries. However, where a co ntinuous “B” class ceiling or lining is fitted on both sides of the bulkhead, the bulkhead may terminate at the continuous ceiling or lining. (B) method IC - Bulkheads not required by this or other paragraphs for cargo ships to be “A” or “B” class divisions, shall be of at least “C” class construction. (C) method IIC - There shall be no restriction on the construction of bulkheads not required by this or other paragraphs for cargo ships to be “A” or “B” class divisions except in individual cases where “C” class b ulkheads are required in accordance with table 1. (D) method IIIC - There shall be no restriction on the construction of bulkheads not required for cargo ships to be “A” or “B” class divisions except that the area of any accommodation space or spaces bounded by a continuous “A” or “B” class division must in no case exceed fifty (50) square meters (m2), except in individual cases where “C” class bulkheads are required in accordance with Table 1. Consideration may be given by the Director -General to increasing t his area for public spaces. (iii) fire integrity of bulkheads and decks (A) in addition to complying with the specific provisions for fire integrity of bulkheads and decks of cargo ships, the minimum fire integrity of bulkheads and decks shall be as prescribed in this schedule, Tables 1 and 2 (B) the following requirements shall govern application of the tables: (I) Tables 1 and 2 shall apply respectively to the bulkheads and decks separating adjacent spaces; (II) for determining the appropriate fire integrity standards to be applied to divisions between adjacent spaces, such spaces are classified according to their fire risk as shown in categories (1) to (11) below. Where the contents and use of a space are such that there is a doubt as to its classification for the purpose of this paragraph, or where it is possible to assign two or more classifications to a space, it shall be treated as a space within the relevant category having the most stringent boundary requirements. Smaller, enclosed rooms within a space that have less than 30 per cent. communicating openings to that space are considered separate spaces. The fire integrity of the boundary bulkheads and decks of such smaller rooms shall be as prescribed in this schedule, tables 1 and 2. The title of each category is inte nded to be typical rather than restrictive. The number in parentheses preceding each category refers to the applicable column or row in the tables; (1) Control stations — (a) spaces containing emergency sources of power and lighting. (b) wheelhouse and chartroo m. (c) spaces containing the ship’s radio equipment. (d) fire control stations. (e) control room for propulsion machinery when located outside the machinery space. (f) spaces containing centralized fire alarm equipment. (2) Corridors and lobbies. (3) Acco mmodation spaces -spaces as defined in sub -rule (2) of rule 3, excluding corridors. (4) Stairways — (a) interior stairway, lifts, totally enclosed emergency escape trunks, and escalators (other than those wholly contained within the machinery spaces) and enclosures thereto. (b) in this connection, a stairway which is enclosed only at one level shall be regarded as part of the space from which it is not separated by a fire door. (5) Service spaces (low risk) - Lockers and store -rooms not having provisions for the storage of flammable liquids and having areas less than four (4) square meters (m2) and drying rooms and laundries. (6) Machinery spaces of category A - spaces as defined in sub -rule (62) of rule 3 (7) Other machinery spaces (a) electrical equipment rooms (auto -telephone exchange, air - conditioning duct spaces). (b) spaces as defined in sub -rule (61) of rule 3 excluding machinery spaces of category A. (8) Cargo spaces - all spaces used for cargo (including cargo oil tanks) and trunk ways and hatchways to such spaces. (9) Service spaces (high risk) - galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, saunas, paint lockers and store -rooms having areas of four (4) square meter (m2) or more, spaces for the storage of flammable liquids , and workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces. (10) Open decks — (a) open deck spaces and enclosed promenades having little or no fire risk. To be considered in this category, enclosed promenades shall have no significant fire risk, meaning that furnishings shall be restricted to deck furniture. In addition, such spaces shall be naturally ventilated by permanent openings. (b) air spaces (the space outside superstructures and deckhouses). (11) RO/RO and vehicle spaces — RO/R O spaces as defined sub -rule (92) of rule 3 Vehicle spaces as defined in sub -rule (107) of rule 3 TABLE 1 Fire integrity of bulkheads separating adjacent spaces Spaces (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) Control stations (1) A-0e A-0 A-60 A-0 A-15 A-60 A-15 A-60 A-60 * A-60 Corridors (2) C B-0 B-0 A-0c B-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-30 Accommodation spaces (3) Ca,b B-0 A-0c B-0 A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-30 Stairways (4) B-0 A-0c B-0 A-0c A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-30 Service spaces ( low risk) (5) C A-60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 Machinery spaces of category A (6) * A-0 A-0g A-60 * A-60f Other machinery spaces (7) A-0d A-0 A-0 * A-0 Cargo spaces (8) * A-0 * A-0 Service spaces (high risk) (9) A-0d * A-30 Open decks (10) – A-0 Ro-ro and vehicle spaces (11) A-30j TABLE 2 Fire integrity of decks separating adjacent spaces Space below↓ Space above→ (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) Control stations (1) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A- 60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-60 Corridors (2) A-0 * * A-0 * A- 60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-30 Accommodation spaces (3) A- 60 A-0 * A-0 * A- 60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-30 Stairways (4) A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 A- 60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-30 Service spaces (low risk) (5) A- 15 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A- 60 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 Machinery spaces of category A (6) A- 60 A- 60 A- 60 A- 60 A- 60 * A- 60i A- 30 A- 60 * A-60 Other machinery spaces (7) A- 15 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 A-0 * A-0 Cargo spaces (8) A- 60 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 * A-0 Service spaces (high risk) (9) A- 60 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A- 60 A-0 A-0 A-0d * A-30 Open decks (10) * * * * * * * * * – A-0j Ro-ro and vehicle spaces (11) A- 60 A- 30 A- 30 A- 30 A-0 A- 60 A-0 A-0 A- 30 A-0j A-30j Notes: To be applied to both Tables 1 and 2 as appropriate. (a) No special requirements are imposed upon bulkheads in methods IIC and IIIC fire protection. (b) In case of method IIIC “B” class bulkheads of “B -0” rating shall be provided between spaces or groups of spaces of 50 m2 and over in area. (c) For clarification as to which applies, see sub - clauses (ii) and(iv) of clause (c) of sub -paragraph (2). (d) Wher e spaces are of the same numerical category and superscript “d” appears, a bulkhead or deck of the rating shown in the tables is only required when the adjacent spaces are for a different purpose (e.g. in category (9)). A galley next to a galley does not r equire a bulkhead but a galley next to a paint room requires an “A -0” bulkhead. (e) Bulkheads separating the wheelhouse, chartroom and radio room from each other may have a “B-0” rating. (f) An “A -0” rating may be used if no dangerous goods are intended to be carried or if such goods are stowed not less than 3 m horizontally from such a bulkhead. (g) For cargo spaces in which dangerous goods are intended to be carried, clause (h) of sub - paragraph (3) of paragraph 86 applies. (h) Fire insulation need not be fitted in the machinery space in category (7) if, in the opinion of the Director -General, it has little or no fire risk. (i) Ships constructed before the 1st July, 2014 shall comply, as a minimum, with the previous requirements applicable at the time the ship was constructed, as specified in sub -paragraph (2) paragraph 69 * Where an asterisk appears in the tables, the division is required to be of steel or other equivalent material but is not required to be of “A” class standard. However, where a deck, except an open deck, is penetrated for the passage of electric cables, pipes and vent ducts, such penetrations should be made tight to prevent the passage of flame and smoke. Divisions between control stations (emergency generators) and open decks may hav e air intake openings without means for closure, unless a fixed gas fire -fighting system is fitted. (III) continuous “B” class ceilings or linings, in association with the relevant decks or bulkheads, may be accepted as contributing, wholly or in part, to the required insulation and integrity of a division. (IV) external boundaries which are required in sub - paragraph (2) of paragraph 78 to be of steel or other equivalent material may be pierced for the fitting of windows and side scuttles provided that there is no requirement for such boundaries of cargo ships to have “A” class integrity. Similarly, in such boundaries which are not required to have “A” class integrity, doors may be constructed of materials which are to the satisfaction of the Director -General. (iv) protection of stairways and lift trunks in accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations — (A) stairways which penetrate only a single deck shall be protected, at a minimum, at one level by at least “B -0” class divisions and self -closing doors. Lifts which penetrate only a single deck shall be surrounded by “A -0” class divisions with steel doors at both levels. Stairways and lift trunks which penetrate more than a single deck shall be surrounded by at least “A -0” class divisions and be protected by sel f-closing doors at all levels. (B) on ships having accommodation for twelve (12) persons or less, where stairways penetrate more than a single deck and where there are at least two escape routes direct to the open deck at every accommodation level, the “A -0” requirements of item (A) of sub -clause (iv) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (2) may be reduced to “B -0”. (c) Tankers — (v) Application — For tankers, only method IC as defined in sub -item (I) of item (A) of sub -clause (i) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (2) shall b e used. (vi) fire integrity of bulkheads and decks — (A) in lieu of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (2) and in addition to complying with the specific provisions for fire integrity of bulkheads and decks of tankers, the minimum fire integrity of bulkheads and decks sha ll be as prescribed in Tables 3 and 4. (B) the following requirements shall govern application of the tables: (I) Tables 3 and 4 shall apply respectively to the bulkhead and decks separating adjacent spaces; (II) for determining the appropriate fire integrity standa rds to be applied to divisions between adjacent spaces, such spaces are classified according to their fire risk as shown in categories (1) to (10) below. Where the contents and use of a space are such that there is a doubt as to its classification for the purpose of this rule, or where it is possible to assign two or more classifications to a space, it shall be treated as a space within the relevant category having the most stringent boundary requirements. Smaller, enclosed areas within a space that have le ss than 30 per cent. communicating openings to that space are considered separate areas. The fire integrity of the boundary bulkheads and decks of such smaller spaces shall be as prescribed in Tables 3 and 4. The title of each category is intended to be ty pical rather than restrictive. The number in parentheses preceding each category refers to the applicable column or row in the tables; (1) Control stations — (a) spaces containing emergency sources of power and lighting. (b) wheelhouse and chartroom. (c) spaces co ntaining the ship’s radio equipment. (d) fire control stations (e) control room for propulsion machinery when located outside the machinery space. (f) spaces containing centralized fire alarm equipment. (2) Corridors and lobbies. (3) Accommodation spaces - as defined in sub -rule (2) of rule 3 excluding corridors. (4) Stairways (a) interior stairways, lifts, totally enclosed emergency escape trunks, and escalators (other than those wholly contained within the machinery spaces) and enclosures thereto . (b) in this connection, a stairway which is enclosed only at one level shall be regarded as part of the space from which it is not separated by a fire door. (5) Service spaces (low risk) — Lockers and store -rooms not having provisions for the storag e of flammable liquids and having areas less than four (4) square meter (m2) and drying rooms and laundries. (6) Machinery spaces of category A - Spaces as defined in sub -rule (62) of rule 3 (7) Other machinery spaces (a) electrical equipment rooms (au to-telephone exchange and air - conditioning duct spaces). (b) spaces as defined in sub -rule (61) of rule 3 excluding machinery spaces of category A. (8) Cargo pump -rooms — spaces containing cargo pumps and entrances and trunks to such spaces. (9) Se rvice spaces (high risk) — galleys, pantries containing cooking appliances, saunas, paint lockers and store -rooms having areas of four (4) square meter (m2) or more, spaces for the storage of flammable liquids and workshops other than those forming part of the machinery spaces. (10) Open decks - (a) open deck spaces and enclosed promenades having little or no fire risk. To be considered in this category, enclosed promenades shall have no significant fire risk, meaning that furnishings shall be restricted to deck furniture. In addition, such spaces shall be naturally ventilated by permanent openings. (b) Air spaces (the space outside superstructures and deckhouses). (C) continuous “B” class ceilings or linings, in association with the relevant decks or bulkheads, m ay be accepted as contributing, wholly or in part, to the required insulation and integrity of a division. (D) external boundaries which are required in sub -paragraph (2) of paragraph 78 to be of steel or other equivalent material may be pierced for the fitti ng of windows and side scuttles provided that there is no requirement for such boundaries of tankers to have “A” class integrity. Similarly, in such boundaries which are not required to have “A” class integrity, doors may be constructed of materials which are to the satisfaction of the Director -General. (E) exterior boundaries of superstructures and deckhouses enclosing accommodation and including any overhanging decks which support such accommodation shall be constructed of steel and insulated to “A -60” stand ard for the whole of the portions which face the cargo area and on the outward sides for a distance of 3 meters from the end boundary facing the cargo area. The distance of 3 meters shall be measured horizontally and parallel to the middle line of the ship from the boundary which faces the cargo area at each deck level. In the case of the sides of those superstructures and deckhouses, such insulation shall be carried up to the underside of the deck of the navigation bridge. (F) skylights to cargo pump -rooms sh all be of steel, shall not contain any glass and shall be capable of being closed from outside the pump -room. TABLE 3 Fire integrity of bulkheads separating adjacent spaces Spaces (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Control stations (1) A-0c A-0 A- 60 A-0 A-15 A-60 A-15 A-60 A- 60 * Corridors (2) C B-0 B-0 A-0a B-0 A-60 A-0 A-60 A-0 * Accommodation spaces (3) C B-0 A-0a B-0 A-60 A-0 A-60 A-0 * Stairways (4) B-0 A-0a B-0 A-0a A-60 A-0 A-60 A-0 * Service spaces (low risk) (5) C A-60 A-0 A-60 A-0 * Machinery spaces of category A (6) * A-0 A-0d A- 60 * Other machinery spaces (7) A-0b A-0 A-0 * Cargo pump -rooms (8) * A- 60 * Service spaces (high risk) (9) A- 0b * Open deck s (10) - TABLE 4 Fire integrity of decks separating adjacent spaces Space below↓ Space above→ (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) Control stations (1) A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A- 60 A-0 - A-0 * Corridors (2) A-0 * * A-0 * A- 60 A-0 - A-0 * Accommodation spaces (3) A- 60 A-0 * A-0 * A- 60 A-0 - A-0 * Stairways (4) A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 A- 60 A-0 - A-0 * Service spaces (low risk) (5) A- 15 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A- 60 A-0 - A-0 * Machinery spaces of category A (6) A- 60 A- 60 A- 60 A- 60 A- 60 * A- 60e A-0 A- 60 * Other machinery spaces (7) A- 15 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 * A-0 A-0 * Cargo pump -rooms (8) - - - - - A-0d A-0 * - * Service spaces (high risk) (9) A- 60 A-0 A-0 A-0 A-0 A- 60 A-0 - A-0b * Open decks (10) * * * * * * * * * - Notes: To be applied to ta bles 3 and 4 as appropriate. (a) For clarification as to which applies, see sub -clauses (ii) and (iv) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (2) (b) Where spaces are of the same numerical category and superscript “b” appears, a bulkhead or deck of the rating show n in the tables is only required when the adjacent spaces are for a different purpose (e.g. in category (9)). A galley next to a galley does not require a bulkhead but a galley next to a paint room requires an “A -0” bulkhead. (c) Bulkheads separating the wheelhouse, chartroom and radio room from each other may have a “B-0” rating. (d) Bulkheads and decks between cargo pump -rooms and machinery spaces of category A may be penetrated by cargo pump shaft glands and similar gland penetrations, provided that ga stight seals with efficient lubrication or other means of ensuring the permanence of the gas seal are fitted in way of the bulkheads or deck. (e) Fire insulation need not be fitted in the machinery space in category (7) if, in the opinion of the Central G overnment, it has little or no fire risk. * Where an asterisk appears in the table, the division is required to be of steel or other equivalent material, but is not required to be of “A” class standard. However, where a deck, except an open deck, is penet rated for the passage of electric cables, pipes and vent ducts, such penetrations shall be made tight to prevent the passage of flame and smoke. Divisions between control stations (emergency generators) and open decks may have air intake openings without m eans for closure, unless a fixed gas fire -fighting system is fitted. (3) Penetrations in fire -resisting divisions and prevention of heat transmission (a) where “A” class divisions are penetrated, such penetrations shall be tested in accordance with the fire te st procedures code. In the case of ventilation, ducts sub -clause (ii) of clause(a) of sub -paragraph (7), sub - clause (i) of clause(c) of sub-paragraph (7), apply. However, where a pipe penetration is made of steel or equivalent material having a thickness of 3 millimetersd or greater and a length of not less than 900 millimeters (preferably 450 millimeters on each side of the division), and no openings, testing is not required. Such penetrations shall be suitably insulated by extension of the insulation at the same level of the division. (b) where “B” class divisions are penetrated for the passage of electric cables, pipes, trunks, ducts, etc., or for the fitting of ventilation terminals, lighting fixtures and similar devices, arrangements shall be made to ens ure that the fire resistance is not impaired, subject to the provisions of sub -clause (ii) of clause (c) of sub -paragraph (7). Pipes other than steel or copper that penetrate “B” class divisions shall be protected by either — (i) a fire -tested penetration devi ce, suitable for the fire resistance of the division pierced and the type of pipe used; or (ii) a steel sleeve, having a thickness of not less than 1.8 millimeters and a length of not less than 900 millimeters for pipe diameters of 150 millimeters or more and not less than 600 millimeters for pipe diameters of less than 150 millimeters (preferably equally divided to each side of the division). The pipe shall be connected to the ends of the sleeve by flanges or couplings; or the clearance between the sleeve and the pipe shall not exceed 2.5 millimeters; or any clearance between pipe and sleeve shall be made tight by means of non - combustible or other suitable material. (c) uninsulated metallic pipes penetrating “A” or “B” class divisions shall be of materials having a melting temperature which exceeds 950°C for “A -0” and 850°C for “B -0” class divisions. (d) in approving structural fire protection details, the Director - General shall have regard to the risk of heat transmission at intersections and terminal points of requi red thermal barriers. The insulation of a deck or bulkhead shall be carried past the penetration, intersection or terminal point for a distance of at least 450 millimeters in the case of steel and aluminum structures. If a space is divided with a deck or a bulkhead of “A” class standard having insulation of different values, the insulation with the higher value shall continue on the deck or bulkhead with the insulation of the lesser value for a distance of at least 450 millimeters. (4) Protection of openings i n fire – resisting divisions, — (a) doors in fire -resisting divisions in cargo ships — (i) the fire resistance of doors shall be equivalent to that of the division in which they are fitted, this being determined in accordance with the fire test procedures code. Doors approved as "A" class without the sill being part of the frame, which are installed on or after the 1st July, 2010, shall be installed such that the gap under the door does not exceed 12 millimeters and a non -combustible sill shall be installed under the door such that floor coverings do not extend beneath the closed door. Doors approved as "B" class without the sill being part of the frame, which are installed on or after the 1st July, 2010, shall be installed such that the gap under the door does no t exceed 25 millimeters. Doors and door frames in “A” class divisions shall be constructed of steel. Doors in “B” class divisions shall be non -combustible. Doors fitted in boundary bulkheads of machinery spaces of category A shall be reasonably gastight an d self -closing. In ships constructed according to method IC, the Director - General may permit the use of combustible materials in doors separating cabins from individual interior sanitary accommodation such as showers. (ii) doors required to be self -closing sha ll not be fitted with hold -back hooks. However, hold -back arrangements fitted with remote release devices of the fail -safe type may be utilised. (iii) in corridor bulkheads, ventilation openings may be permitted in and under the doors of cabins and public space s. Ventilation openings are also permitted in “B” class doors leading to lavatories, offices, pantries, lockers and store rooms. Except as permitted below, the openings shall be provided only in the lower half of a door. Where such an opening is in or unde r a door the total net area of any such opening or openings shall not exceed 0.05 m2. Alternatively, a non -combustible air balance duct routed between the cabin and the corridor, and located below the sanitary unit is permitted where the cross -sectional ar ea of the duct does not exceed 0.05 m2. Ventilation openings, except those under the door, shall be fitted with a grille made of non-combustible material. (iv) watertight doors need not be insulated. (5) Protection of openings in machinery space boundaries — (a) application - The provision of this paragraph shall apply to machinery spaces of category A and, where the Director - General considers it desirable, to other machinery spaces. (b) protection of openings in machinery space boundaries — (i) the number of skylights, door s, ventilators, openings in funnels to permit exhaust ventilation and other openings to machinery spaces shall be reduced to a minimum consistent with the needs of ventilation and the proper and safe working of the ship. (ii) skylights shall be of steel and sh all not contain glass panels. (iii) means of control shall be provided for closing power - operated doors or actuating release mechanisms on doors other than power -operated watertight doors. The control shall be located outside the space concerned, where they sha ll not be cut off in the event of fire in the space it serves. (iv) windows shall not be fitted in machinery space boundaries. However, this does not preclude the use of glass in control rooms within the machinery spaces. (6) Protection of cargo space boundaries — In tankers, for the protection of cargo tanks carrying crude oil and petroleum products having a flashpoint not exceeding 60°C, materials readily rendered ineffective by heat shall not be used for valves, fittings, tank opening covers, cargo vent piping, and cargo piping so as to prevent the spread of fire to the cargo. (7) Ventilation systems (This paragraph applies to ships constructed on or after the 1st January, 2026), — (a) General — (i) ventilation ducts, including single and double wall ducts, shall be of stee l or equivalent material except flexible bellows of short length not exceeding 600 millimeters used for connecting fans to the ducting in air-conditioning rooms. Unless expressly provided otherwise in sub -clause (vi) of clause (a) of sub - paragraph (7), any other material used in the construction of ducts, including insulation, shall also be non -combustible. However, short ducts, not generally exceeding 2 meters in length and with a free cross -sectional area not exceeding 0.02 m2, need not be of steel or equ ivalent material, subject to the following conditions: (A) the ducts shall be made of non -combustible material, which may be faced internally and externally with membranes having low flame -spread characteristics and, in each case, a calorific value not exceedi ng 45 MJ/m2 of their surface area for the thickness used; (B) the ducts are only used at the end of the ventilation device; and (C) the ducts are not situated less than 600 mm, measured along the duct, from an opening in an “A” or “B” class division including con tinuous “B” class ceiling. (ii) the following arrangements shall be tested in accordance with the fire test procedures code: (A) fire dampers, including their relevant means of operation, however, the testing is not required for dampers located at the lower end of the duct in exhaust ducts for galley ranges, which must be of steel and capable of stopping the draught in the duct; and (B) duct penetrations through “A” class divisions. However, the test is not required where steel sleeves are directly joined to ventilat ion ducts by means of riveted or screwed flanges or by welding (iii) fire dampers shall be easily accessible. Where they are placed behind ceilings or linings, these ceilings or linings shall be provided with an inspection hatch on which the identification numbe r of the fire damper is marked. The fire damper identification number shall also be marked on any remote controls provided. (iv) ventilation ducts shall be provided with hatches for inspection and cleaning. The hatches shall be located near the fire dampers. (v) the main inlets and outlets of ventilation systems shall be capable of being closed from outside the spaces being ventilated. The means of closing shall be easily accessible as well as prominently and permanently marked and shall indicate the operating posit ion of the closing device. (vi) combustible gaskets in flanged ventilation duct connections are not permitted within 600 millimeters of openings in "A" or "B" class divisions and in ducts required to be of "A" class construction. (vii) ventilation openings or air ba lance ducts between two enclosed spaces shall not be provided except as permitted by sub -clause (iii) of clause (a) sub - paragraph (4). (b) arrangement of ducts — (i) the ventilation systems for machinery spaces of category A, vehicle spaces, ro -ro spaces, galleys, special category spaces and cargo spaces shall, in general, be separated from each other and from the ventilation systems serving other spaces. Except that the galley ventilation systems on cargo ships of less than 4,000 gross tonnage, need not be complet ely separated, but may be served by separate ducts from a ventilation unit serving other spaces. In any case, an automatic fire damper shall be fitted in the galley ventilation duct near the ventilation unit. (ii) ducts provided for the ventilation of machiner y spaces of category A, galleys, vehicle spaces, ro -ro spaces or special category spaces shall not pass through accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations unless they comply with the conditions specified in sub -clause (iv) of clause (b) of sub-paragraph (7). (iii) ducts provided for the ventilation of accommodation spaces, service spaces or control stations shall not pass through machinery spaces of category A, galleys, vehicle spaces, ro -ro spaces or special category spaces unless they comply with sub-clause (iv) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (7). (iv) as permitted by sub -clause (ii) of clause (b) of sub - paragraph (7) and sub -clause (iii) of clause (b) of sub - paragraph (7) ducts shall be either: (A) constructed of steel having a thickness of at least three (3) millimeters for ducts with a free cross -sectional area of less than 0.075 square meter (m2), at least four (4) millimeters for ducts with a free cross -sectional area of between 0.075 square meters (m2) and 0.45 square meters (m2), and at least 5 mm for ducts with a free cross -sectional area of over 0.45 square meter (m2); (B) the ducts are suitably supported and stiffened; (C) the ducts are fitted with automatic fire dampers close to the boundaries penetrated; and (D) the ducts are insulated to “A -60” class stand ard from the machinery spaces, galleys, vehicle spaces, ro -ro spaces or special category spaces to a point at least 5 meters beyond each fire damper; or (E) the ducts are constructed of steel in accordance with item (A) of sub -clause (iv) of cl ause (b) of sub -paragraph (7) and item (B) of sub -clause (iv) of clause (b) of sub - paragraph (7) and (F) insulated to "A -60" class standard throughout the spaces they pass through, except for ducts that pass through spaces of category (9) or (10) as defined a bove. (v) for the purposes of item (D) of sub -clause (iv) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (7) and item (F) of sub - clause (iv) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (7) ducts shall be insulated over their entire cross -sectional external surface. Ducts that are outside but adjacent to the specified space, and share one or more surfaces with it, shall be considered to pass through the specified space, and shall be insulated over the surface they share with the space for a distance of 450 millimeters past the duct. (vi) where i t is necessary that a ventilation duct passes through a main vertical zone division, an automatic fire damper shall be fitted adjacent to the division. The damper shall also be capable of being manually closed from each side of the division. The control location shall be readily accessible and be clearly and prominently marked. The duct between the division and the damper shall be constructed of steel in accordance with items (A) and (B) of sub - clause (iv) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (7)and insulated to at least the same fire integrity as the division penetrated. The damper shall be fitted on at least one side of the division with a visible indicator showing the operating position of the damper. (c) details of fire dampers and duct penetrations — (i) ducts pass ing through "A" class divisions shall meet the following requirements: — (A) where a thin plated duct with a free cross sectional area equal to, or less than, 0.02 square meter (㎡) passes through "A" class divisions, the opening shall be fitted with a steel s heet sleeve having a thickness of at least 3 millimeters and a length of at least 200 millimeters, divided preferably into 100 mm on each side of a bulkhead or, in the case of a deck, wholly laid on the lower side of the decks penetrated; (B) where ventilation ducts with a free cross -sectional area exceeding 0.02 square meter ( ㎡), but not more than 0.075 square meter ( ㎡), pass through "A" class divisions, the openings shall be lined with steel sheet sleeves. The ducts and sleeves shall have a thickness of at le ast three (3) millimeters and a length of at least 900 millimeters. When passing through bulkheads, this length shall be divided preferably into 450 millimeters on each side of the bulkhead. These ducts, or sleeves lining such ducts, shall be provided with fire insulation. The insulation shall have at least the same fire integrity as the division through which the duct passes; and (C) automatic fire dampers shall be fitted in all ducts with a free cross -sectional area exceeding 0.075 square meter (㎡) that pass through "A" class divisions. Each damper shall be fitted close to the division penetrated and the duct between the damper and the division penetrated shall be constructed of steel in accordance with items (A) and (B) of sub -clause (iv) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (7). The fire damper shall operate automatically but shall also be capable of being closed manually from both sides of the division. The damper shall be fitted with a visible indicator which shows the operating position of the damper. Automatica lly but required, however, where ducts pass through spaces surrounded by "A" class divisions, without serving those spaces, provided those ducts have the same fire integrity as the divisions which they penetrate. A duct of cross - sectional area exceeding 0. 075 square meter (㎡) shall not be divided into smaller ducts at the penetration of an "A" class division and then recombined into the original duct once through the division to avoid installing the damper required by this provision. (ii) ventilation ducts with a free cross -sectional area exceeding 0.02 square meter ( ㎡) passing through "B" class bulkheads shall be lined with steel sheet sleeves of 900 mm in length, divided preferably into four hundred and fifty (450) millimeters on each side of the bulkheads unl ess the duct is of steel for this length. (iii) every fire dampers shall be capable of manual operation. The dampers shall have a direct mechanical means of release or, alternatively, be closed by electrical, hydraulic, or pneumatic operation. All dampers shall be manually operable from both sides of the division. Automatic fire dampers, including those capable of remote operation, shall have a failsafe mechanism that shall close the damper in a fire even upon loss of electrical power or hydraulic or pneumatic pr essure loss. Remotely operated fire dampers shall be capable of being reopened manually at the damper. (8) Exhaust duct from galleys — (a) when passing through accommodation spaces or spaces containing combustible materials, the exhaust ducts from galley ranges sh all be constructed in accordance with items (A) and (B) of sub -clause (iv) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (7). Each exhaust duct shall be fitted with: (A) a grease trap readily removable for cleaning; (B) an automatically and remotely operated fire damper located in the lower end of the duct at the junction between the duct and the galley range hood and, in addition, a remotely operated fire damper in the upper end of the duct close to the outlet of the duct; (C) arrangements, operable from within the galley, for shutt ing off the exhaust fans; and (D) fixed means for extinguishing a fire within the duct. (9) Ventilation rooms serving machinery spaces of category A containing internal combustion machinery (a) where a ventilation room serves only such an adjacent machinery space and there is no fire division between the ventilation room and the machinery space, the means for closing the ventilation duct or ducts serving the machinery space shall be located outside of the ventilation room and machinery space. (b) where a ventilation room serves such a machinery space as well as other spaces and is separated from the machinery space by a "A -0" class division, including penetrations, the means for closing the ventilation duct or ducts for the machinery space can be located in the ventilation room. (77) Firefighting. — (1) Purpose - (a) the purpose of this paragraph is to suppress and swiftly extinguish a fire in the space of origin, except for clause (b) Sub-paragraph (1). For this purpose, the following functional requirements shall be met; (i) fixed fire -extinguishing systems shall be installed having due regard to the fire growth potential of the protected spaces; and (ii) fire-extinguishing appliances shall be readily available. (b) for open -top containers hold and on deck container stowage areas on ships desi gned to carry containers on or above the weather deck, constructed on or after the 1st January, 2016, fire protection arrangements shall be provided for the purpose of containing a fire in the space or area of origin and cooling adjacent areas to prevent f ire spread and structural damage. (2) Water supply systems — ships shall be provided with fire pumps, fire mains, hydrants and hoses complying with the applicable requirements — (a) fire mains and hydrants — (i) general — materials readily rendered ineffective by heat shall not be used for fire mains and hydrants unless adequately protected. The pipes and hydrants shall be so placed that the fire hoses may be easily coupled to them. The arrangement of pipes and hydrants shall be such as to avoid the possibility of freezing. Suitable drainage provisions shall be provided for fire main piping. Isolation valves shall be installed for all open deck fire main branches used for purposes other than firefighting. In ships where deck cargo may be carried, the positions of the h ydrants shall be such that they are always readily accessible, and the pipes shall be arranged as far as practicable to avoid risk of damage by such cargo. (ii) ready availability of water supply — (A) to the satisfaction of the Director -General; and (B) with a periodi cally unattended machinery space or when only one person is required on watch, there shall be immediate water delivery from the fire main system at a suitable pressure, either by remote starting of one of the main fire pumps with remote starting from the n avigation bridge and fire control station, if any, or permanent pressurization of the fire main system by one of the main fire pumps, except that the Director -General may waive this requirement for cargo ships of less than 1,600 gross tonnage if the fire p ump starting arrangement in the machinery space is in an easily accessible position. (iii) diameter of the fire mains — the diameter of the fire main and the water service pipes shall be sufficient for the effective distribution of the maximum required discharge from two fire pumps operating simultaneously, except that in the case of cargo ships, other than those included in sub -paragraph (c) of this paragraph, the diameter need only be sufficient for the discharge of 140m3/h. (iv) isolating valves and relief valves — (A) isolating valves to separate the section of the fire main within the machinery space containing the main fire pump or pumps from the rest of the fire main shall be fitted in an easily accessible and tenable position outside the machinery spaces. The fire main shall be so arranged that when the isolating valves are shut all the hydrants on the ship, except those in the machinery space referred to above, can be supplied with water by another fire pump or an emergency fire pump. The emergency fire pump, its seawater inlet, suction and delivery pipes and isolating valves shall be located outside the machinery space. If this arrangement cannot be made, the sea -chest may be fitted in the machinery space if the valve is remotely controlled from a position in the same compartment as the emergency fire pump and the suction pipe is as short as practicable. Short lenths of suction or discharge piping may penetrate the machinery space, provided they are enclosed in a substantial steel casing or are insulated to “A -60” class standards. The pipes shall have substantial wall thickness, but in no case less than eleven (11) millimeters, and shall be welded except for the flanged connection to the sea inlet valve. (B) a valve shall be fitted to serve each fire hydrant so that an y fire hose may be removed while the fire pumps are in operation. (C) relief valves shall be provided in conjunction with fire pumps if the pumps are capable of developing a pressure exceeding the design pressure of the water service pipes, hydrants and hoses . These valves shall be so placed and adjusted as to prevent excessive pressure in any part of the fire main system. (D) in tankers, isolation valves shall be fitted in the fire main at the poop front in a protected position and on the tank deck at intervals o f not more than forty (40) meters to preserve the integrity of the fire main system in case of fire or explosion. (v) number and position of hydrants — (A) the number and position of hydrants shall be such that atleast two jets of water not emanating from the sam e hydrant, one of which shall be from a single length of hose, may reach any part of any cargo space when empty, any ro -ro space or any vehicle space, in which latter case the two jets shall reach any part of the space, each from a single length of hose. F urthermore, such hydrants shall be positioned near the access to the protected spaces. (vi) pressure at hydrants - with the two pumps simultaneously delivering water through the nozzles specified in sub -clause (iii) of clause (c) of Sub -paragraph (2) with the q uantity of water as specified in sub -clause (iii) of clause (a) of Sub - paragraph (2), through any adjacent hydrants, the following minimum pressures shall be maintained at all hydrants — (A) for cargo ships - 6,000 gross tonnage and upwards 0.27 N/mm2 Less than 6,000 gross tonnage 0.25 N/mm2 and (B) the maximum pressure at any hydrant shall not exceed that at which the effective control of a fire hose can be demonstrated. (vii) international shore connection (A) ships of 500 gross t onnage and upwards shall be provided with at least one international shore connection complying with the Fire Safety Systems Code. (B) facilities shall be available enabling such a connection to be used on either side of the ship. (b) fire pumps — (i) pumps accepted a s fire pumps — sanitary, ballast, bilge or general service pumps may be accepted as fire pumps, provided that they are not normally used for pumping oil and that if they are subject to occasional duty for the transfer or pumping of oil fuel, suitable chang e-over arrangements are fitted. (ii) number of fire pumps — Ships shall be provided with independently driven fire pumps as follows: in cargo ships of: 1,000 gross tonnage and upwards -----at least two Less than 1,000 gross tonnage -----at least two power -driven pumps, one of which shall be independently driven. (iii) arrangements of fire pumps and fire mains — (A) fire Pumps — The arrangements of sea connections, fire pumps and their sources of power shall be as to ensure that: (I) in cargo ships, if a fire in any one compartment could put all the pumps out of action, there shall be an alternative means consisting of an emergency fire pump complying with the provisions of the Fire Safety Systems Code with its source of power and sea connection located ou tside the space where the main fire pumps or their sources of power are located. (B) requirements for the space containing the emergency fire pump. (I) location of the space -The space containing the fire pump shall not be contiguous to the boundaries of machinery spaces of category A or those spaces containing main fire pumps. Where this is not practicable, the common bulkhead between the two spaces shall be insulated to standard of structural fire protection equivalent to that required for a control station. (II) acce ss to the emergency fire pump - no direct access shall be permitted between the machinery space and the space containing the emergency fire pump and its source of power. When this is impracticable, the Director -General may accept an arrangement where the access is by means of an airlock with the door of the machinery space being of “A -60” class standard and the other door being at least steel, both reasonable gastight, self-closing and without any hold -back arrangements. Alternatively, the access may be thr ough a watertight door capable of being operated from a space remote from the machinery space and the space containing the emergency fire pump and unlikely to be cut off in the event of fire in those spaces. In such cases, a second means of access to the s pace containing the emergency fire pump and its source of power shall be provided. (III) ventilation of the emergency fire pump space - Ventilation arrangements to the space containing the independence source of power for the emergency fire pump shall be such as to preclude, as far as practicable, the possibility of smoke from a machinery space fire entering or being drawn into that space. (IV) additional pumps for cargo ships - In addition, in cargo ships where other pumps such as general service, bilge and ballast, etc., are fitted in a machinery space, arrangements shall be made to ensure that at least one of these pumps, having the capacity and pressure required by item (A) of sub -clause (vi) of clause (a) of sub-paragraph (2) and sub -clause (vi) of clause (b) of sub-paragraph (2), is capable of providing water to the fire main. (iv) capacity of fire pumps (A) the capacity of required fire pumps - The required fire pumps shall be capable of delivering for fire -fighting purposes a quantity of water, at the pressure specifie d in sub -clause (vi) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (2), as follows: (I) pumps in cargo ships, other than any emergency pump: the quantity of water is not less than four thirds of the quantity required under paragraph 50 to be dealt with by each of the inde pendent bilge pumps in a passenger ship of the same dimension when employed in bilge pumping, provided that in no cargo ship other than those included in sub -clause (ii) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (7), need the total required capacity of the fire pumps exceed 180m3/h. (II) Capacity of each fire pump - Each of the required fire pumps (other than any emergency pump required in sub-clause (iii) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (2) for cargo ships shall have a capacity not less than 80 per cent. of the total requi red capacity divided by the minimum number of required fire pumps, but in any case not less than 25 m3/h, and each pump shall in any event be capable of delivering at least the two required jets of water. These fire pumps shall be capable of supplying the fire main system under the required conditions. Where more pumps than the minimum of required pumps are installed, such additional pumps shall have a capacity of at least 25 m3/h and shall be capable of delivering at least two jets of water required in ite m (A) of sub -clause (v) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (2); (c) fire hoses and nozzles — (i) general specifications — (A) fire hoses shall be of non -perishable material approved by the Director -General and shall be sufficient in length to project a jet of water to an y of the spaces in which they may be required to be used. Each hose shall be provided with a nozzle and the necessary couplings.. Hoses specified in this paragraph as “ fire hoses” shall, together with any necessary fittings and tools, be ready for use in conspicuous positions near the water service hydrants or connections. Fire hoses shall have a length of at least 10 meters, but more than (I) 15 meters in machinery spaces; (II) 20 meters in other spaces and open decks; and (III) 25 meters for open decks on ships with a maximum breadth in excess of 30 meters. (B) unless one hose and nozzle is provided for each hydrant in the ship, there shall be complete interchangeability of hose couplings and nozzles. (ii) number and diameter of fire hoses (A) ships shall be provided with fire ho ses, the number and diameter of which shall be to the satisfaction of the Director - General. (B) in cargo ships: — (I) of 1,000 gross tonnage and upwards, the number of fire hoses to be provided shall be one for each thirty (30) meters length of the ship and one sp are, but in no case less than five in all. This number does not include any hoses required in any engine -room or boiler room. The Director -General may increase the number of hoses required so as to ensure that hoses in sufficient number are available and a ccessible at all times, having regard to the type of ship and the nature of trade in which the ship is employed. Ships carrying dangerous goods in accordance with regulation 80 shall be provided with three hoses and nozzles, in addition to those required above; and (II) of less than 1,000 gross tonnage, the number of fire hoses to be provided shall be calculated in accordance with the provisions of above clause. However, the number of hoses shall in no case be less than three. (iii) size and types of nozzles — (A) for the purpose of these paragraphs, standard nozzle sizes shall be twelve (12) millimeter, sixteen (16) millimeter and nineteen (19) millimeter or as near thereto as possible. Larger diameter nozzles may be permitted at the discretion of the Director -General. (B) for accommodation and service spaces, a nozzle size greater than twelve (12) millimeter need not be used. (C) for machinery spaces and exterior locations, the nozzle size shall be as such to obtain the maximum discharge possible from two jets at the pressure men tioned in sub -clause (vi) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (2) from the smallest pump, provided that a nozzle size greater than nineteen (19) millimeters need not be used. (D) nozzles shall be of an approved dual -purpose type (I.e. spray/jet type) incorporating a shutoff. (3) Portable Fire Extinguishers — (a) type and design — portable fire extinguishers shall comply with requirements of the fire safety systems code. (b) arrangement of fire extinguishers — (i) accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations shall be pr ovided with portable fire extinguishers of appropriate types and in sufficient number to the satisfaction of the Director -General. Ships of 1,000 gross tonnage and upwards shall carry at least five portable fire extinguishers. (ii) one of the portable fire exti nguishers intended for use in any space shall be stowed near the entrance to that space. (iii) carbon dioxide fire extinguishers shall be placed in accommodation spaces. In control stations and other spaces containing electrical or electronic equipment or applia nces necessary for the safety of the ship, fire extinguishers shall be provided whose extinguishing media are neither electrically conducive nor harmful to the equipment and appliances. (iv) fire extinguishers shall be situated ready for use at easily visible p laces, which can be reached quickly and easily at any time in the event of a fire, and in such a way that their serviceability is not impaired by the weather vibration or other external factors. Portable fire extinguishers shall be provided with devices wh ich indicate whether they have been used. (c) spare charges (i) spare charges shall be provided for hundred (100) per cent. of the first ten extinguishers and fifty (50) per cent. of the remaining fire extinguishers capable of being recharged on board. Not more t han sixty total spare charges are required. Instructions for recharging shall be carried on board. (ii) for fire extinguishers which cannot be recharged on board, additional portable fire extinguishers of the same quantity, type, capacity and number as determi ned in sub -clause (i) above shall be provided in lieu of spare charges. (4) Fixed fire extinguishing systems — (a) types of fixed fire -extinguishing systems — (i) a fixed fire -extinguishing system required by sub - paragraph (5) below may be any of the following syste ms: (A) a fixed gas fire -extinguishing system complying with the provisions of the fire safety systems code; (B) a fixed high -expansion foam fire -extinguishing system complying with the provisions of the fire safety systems code; and (C) a fixed pressure water -sprayin g fire -extinguishing system complying with the provisions of the fire safety systems code. (ii) where a fixed fire -extinguishing system not required by these rules is installed, it shall meet the requirements of the relevant paragraphs of these rules and the fi re safety systems code. (iii) Fire-extinguishing systems using Halon 1211,1301, and 2402 and perfluorocarbons shall be prohibited. (iv) In general, the Director -General shall not permit the use of steam as a fire -extinguishing medium in fixed fire-extinguishing syste ms. Where the use of steam is permitted by the Director -General, it shall be used only in restricted areas as an addition to the required fire-extinguishing system and shall comply with the requirements of the fire - safety system code. (b) By the first schedul ed dry -docking after the 1st January, 2010, fixed carbon dioxide fire -extinguishing systems for the protection of machinery spaces and cargo pump -rooms on ships constructed before the 1st July, 2002 shall comply with the provisions of the fire safety syste ms code. (c) closing appliances for fixed gas fire -extinguishing systems — where a fixed gas fire -extinguishing system is used, openings which may admit air to, or allow gas to escape from, a protected space shall be capable of being closed from outside the pr otected space. (d) storage rooms of fire -extinguishing medium — when the fire -extinguishing medium is stored outside a protected space, it shall be stored outside a protected space, it shall be stored in a room which is located behind the forward collision bul khead and is used for no other purposes. Any entrance to such a storage room shall preferably be from the open deck and shall be independent of the protected space. If the storage space is located below deck, it shall be located no more than one deck below the open deck and shall be directly accessible by a stairway or ladder from the open deck. Spaces which are located below deck or spaces where access from the open deck is provided shall be fitted with a mechanical ventilation system designed to take exha ust air from the bottom of the space and shall be sized to provide at least 6 air changes per hour. Access doors shall open outwards, and bulkheads and decks, including doors and other means of closing any opening therein, which form the boundaries between such rooms and adjacent enclosed spaces shall be gastight. For the purpose of the application of table 1 to 4, such storage rooms shall be treated as fire control stations. (e) water pumps for other fire -extinguishing systems — pumps, other than those serving the fire main, required for the provision of water for fire - extinguishing systems required by this paragraph, their sources of power and their controls shall be installed outside the space or spaces protected by such systems and shall be so arranged that a fire in the space or spaces protected shall not put any such system out of action. (5) Fire-extinguishing arrangements in machinery spaces — (a) machinery spaces containing oil -fired boilers or oil fuel units — (i) fixed fire -extinguishing systems - machinery space s of category A containing oil -fired boilers or oil fuel units shall be provided with any one of the fixed fire - extinguishing systems in clause (a) of sub -paragraph (4) In each case, if the engine -room and boiler room are not entirely separate, or if fuel oil can drain from the boiler room into the engine -room, the combined engine and boiler rooms shall be considered as one compartment. (ii) additional fire -extinguishing arrangements — (A) there shall be in each boiler room or at an entrance outside of the boiler room at least one portable foam applicator unit complying with the provisions of the fire safety systems code. (B) there shall be at least two portable foam extinguishers or equivalent in each firing space in each boiler room and in each space in which a par t of the oil fuel installation is situated. There shall be not less than one approved foam -type extinguisher of at least 135 liter capacity or equivalent in each boiler room. These extinguishers shall be provided with hoses on reels suitable for reaching a ny part of the boiler room. In the case of domestic boilers of less than 175 kiloWatt (kW), or boilers protected by fixed water -based local application fire - extinguishing systems as required by clause (e) of Sub - paragraph (5), an approved foam -type exting uisher of at least 135 litter capacity is not required. (C) In each firing space there shall be a receptacle containing at least 0.1 m3 sand, sawdust impregnated with soda, or other approved dry material, along with a suitable shovel for spreading the materia l. An approved portable extinguisher may be substituted as an alternative. (b) Machinery spaces of category A containing internal combustion machinery — (i) fixed fire -extinguishing systems — machinery spaces of category A containing internal combustion machinery shall be provided with one of the fixed fire -extinguishing systems clauses (a) of sub -paragraph (4). (ii) additional fire -extinguishing arrangements — (A) there shall be at least one portable foam applicator unit complying with the provision of the fire safety syst ems code. (B) there shall be in each such space approved foam -type fire extinguishers, each of at least 45 liter capacity or equivalent, sufficient in number to enable foam or its equivalent to be directed onto any part of the fuel and lubricating oil pressur e systems, gearing and other fire hazards. In addition, there shall be provided a sufficient number of portable foam extinguishers or equivalent which shall be so located that no point in the space is more than 10 meters walking distance from an extinguish er and that there are at least two such extinguishers in each such space. For smaller spaces of cargo ships the Director -General may consider relaxing this requirement. (c) machinery spaces containing steam turbines or enclosed steam engines — (i) fixed fire -extinguishing systems - In spaces containing steam turbines or enclosed steam engines used for main propulsion or other purposes having in the aggregate a total output of not less than 375 kilowatt (kW), one of the fire-extinguishing systems specified in clause (a) of sub - paragraph (4) shall be provided if such spaces are periodically unattended. (ii) additional fire -extinguishing arrangements (A) there shall be approved foam fire extinguishers, each of at least 45 liter capacity or equivalent, sufficient in number to enable foam or its equivalent to be directed on to any part of the pressure lubrication system, on to any part of the casings enclosing pressure -lubricated parts of the turbines, engines or associated gearing, and any other fire hazards. However, such extin guishers shall not be required if protection, at least equivalent to that required by this sub paragraph, is provided in such spaces by a fixed fire -extinguishing system fitted in compliance with clause (a) of Sub -paragraph (4); (B) there shall be a sufficien t number of portable foam extinguishers or equivalent which shall be so located that no point in the space is more than 10 meters walking distance from an extinguisher and that there are at least two such extinguishers in each such space, except that such extinguishers shall not be required in addition to any provided in compliance with item (B) of sub -clause (a) of clause (ii) of sub-paragraph (5). (d) other machinery spaces — where, in the opinion of the Director - General, a fire hazard exists in any machinery space for which no specific provisions for fire -extinguishing appliances are prescribed in clauses (a), (b) and (c) of sub -paragraph (5), there shall be provided in, or adjacent to, that space such a number of approved portable fire extinguishers or other means of fire extinction as the Director -General may deem sufficient. (e) fixed local application fire -extinguishing systems — (i) this paragraph shall apply to cargo ships of 2,000 gross tonnage and above; (ii) machinery spaces of category A above 500 m3 in volume shall, in addition to the fixed fire extinguishing system required in sub - clause (i) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (5), be protected by an approved type of fixed water -based or equivalent local application fire -extinguishing system, based on the guidelin es developed by the organisation . In the case of periodically unattended machinery spaces, the fire -extinguishing system shall have both automatic and manual release capabilities. In the case of continuously manned machinery spaces, the fire - extinguishing system is only required to have a manual release capability; (iii) fixed local application fire -extinguishing systems are to protect areas such as the following without the necessity of engine shutdown, personnel evacuation, or sealing of the spaces: (A) the fire h azard portions of internal combustion machinery or, for ships constructed before the 1st July, 2014, the fire hazard portions of internal combustion machinery used for the ship's main propulsion and power generation; (B) boiler fronts; (C) the fire hazards portio ns of incinerators; and (D) purifiers for heated oil. (iv) activation of any local application system shall give a visual and distinct audible alarm in the protected space and at continuously manned stations. The alarm shall indicate the specific system activated . The system alarm requirements described within this sub-paragraph are in addition to, and not a substitute for, the detection and fire alarm system required elsewhere in these paragraphs. (6) Fire-extinguishing arrangements in control stations, accommod ation and service spaces (a) sprinkler systems for cargo ships — in cargo ships in which method IIC specified in sub -item (II) of item (A) of clause (b) of sub-paragraph (2) of paragraph 76 is adopted, an automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm syst em shall be fitted in accordance with the requirements in sub -clause (ii) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (5) of paragraph 74; (b) spaces containing flammable liquid — (i) paint lockers shall be protected by - (A) a carbon dioxide system, designed to give a minimum vo lume of free gas equal to forty (40) per cent. of the gross volume of the protected space; (B) a dry powder system, designed for at least 0.5 kg powder/m3; (C) a water spraying or sprinkler system, designed for 5l/m2 min. Water spraying systems may be connected to the fire main of the ship; or (D) a system providing equivalent protection, as determined by the Director -General. In all cases, the system shall be operable from outside the protected space. (ii) flammable liquid lockers shall be protected by an appropriate fi re-extinguishing arrangement approved by the Director -General. (iii) for lockers of a deck area of less than four square meters (m2), which do not give access to accommodation spaces, a portable carbon dioxide fire extinguisher sized to provide a minimum volume of free gas equal to forty (40) per cent. of the gross volume of the space may be accepted in lieu of a fixed system. A discharge port shall be arranged in the locker to allow the discharge of the extinguisher without having to enter into the protected sp ace. The required portable fire extinguisher shall be stowed adjacent to the port. Alternatively, a port or hose connection may be provided to facilitate the use of fire main water. (c) deep -fat cooking equipment — (i) deep -fat cooking equipment installed in enc losed spaces or on open decks shall be fitted with the following — (A) an automatic or manual fire -extinguishing system tested to an international standard acceptable to the organisation ; (B) a primary and backup thermostat with an alarm to alert the operator in the event of failure of either thermostat; (C) arrangements for automatically shutting off the electrical power upon activation of the fire - extinguishing system; (D) an alarm for indicating operation of the fire - extinguishing system in the galley where the equip ment is installed; and (E) controls for manual operation of the fire -extinguishing system which are clearly labeled for ready use by the crew. (7) fire-extinguishing arrangements in cargo spaces — (a) fixed gas fire -extinguishing systems for general cargo — (i) except for ro -ro and vehicle spaces, cargo spaces on cargo ships of 2,000 gross tonnage and upwards shall be protected by a fixed carbon dioxide or inert gas fire -extinguishing system complying with the provisions of the Fire Safety Systems Code, or by a fire-extinguishing system which gives equivalent protection. (ii) the Director -General may exempt from the requirements of sub -clause (i) of clause (a) of sub - paragraph (7) and clause (b) of sub -paragraph (7) cargo spaces of any cargo ship if constructed, and solely i ntended, for the carriage of ore, coal, grain unseasoned timber, non -combustible cargoes or cargoes which, in the opinion of the Director -General, constitute a low fire risk. Such exemptions may be granted only if the ship is fitted with steel hatch covers and effective means of closing all ventilators and other openings leading to cargo spaces. When such exemptions are granted, the Director -General shall issue an Exemption Certificate, irrespective of the date of construction of the ship concerned, in acco rdance with regulation I/12(a)(vii) of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974, and shall ensure that the list of cargoes the ship is permitted to carry is attached to the Exemption Certificate. (iii) fixed gas fire -extinguishing systems for dangerous goods - a ship engaged in the carriage of dangerous goods in any cargo spaces shall be provided with a fixed carbon dioxide or inert gas fire -extinguishing system complying with the provisions of the fire safety systems code or with a fire -exting uishing system which, in the opinion of the Director -General, gives equivalent protection for the cargoes carried. (b) firefighting for ships constructed on or after the 1st January 2016 designed to carry containers on or above the weather deck (i) ships shall ca rry, in addition to the equipment and arrangements required by paragraphs (1) and (2), at least one water mist lance — (A) the water mist lance shall consist of a tube with a piercing nozzle which is capable of penetrating a container wall and producing water mist inside a confined space (container, etc.) when connected to the fire main. (ii) ships designed to carry five or more tiers of containers on or above the weather deck shall carry, in addition to the requirements of sub -clause (i) of clause (b) of sub - paragr aph (7), mobile water monitors as follows — (A) ships with breadth less than 30 meters: at least two mobile water monitors; or (B) ships with breadth of 30 meters or more: at least four mobile water monitors. (iii) the mobile water monitors, all necessary hoses, fitting s and required fixing hardware shall be kept ready for use in a location outside the cargo space area not likely to be cut -off in the event of a fire in the cargo spaces; (iv) a sufficient number of fire hydrants shall be provided such that — (A) all provided mobi le water monitors can be operated simultaneously for creating effective water barriers forward and aft of each container bay; (B) the two jets of water required by paragraph item (A) of sub-clause (v) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (2) can be supplied at the p ressure required by paragraph sub - clause (vi) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (2); and (C) each of the required mobile water monitors can be supplied by separate hydrants at the pressure necessary to reach the top tier of containers on deck. (v) the mobile water mo nitors may be supplied by the fire main, provided the capacity of fire pumps and fire main diameter are adequate to simultaneously operate the mobile water monitors and two jets of water from fire hoses at the required pressure values. If carrying dangerou s goods, the capacity of fire pumps and fire main diameter shall also comply with sub -clause (v) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (3) of paragraph 86, as far as applicable to on -deck cargo areas. (vi) the operational performance of each mobile water monitor shall be tested during initial survey on board the ship to the satisfaction of the Director -General. The test shall verify that: (A) the mobile water monitor can be securely fixed to the ship structure ensuring safe and effective operation; and (B) the mobile water mon itor jet reaches the top tier of containers with all required monitors and water jets from fire hoses operated simultaneously. (8) Cargo tank protection — (a) fixed deck foam systems — (i) for tankers of 20,000 tonnes deadweight and upwards, a fixed deck foam fire -extinguishing system shall be provided complying with the provisions of the Fire Safety Systems Code, except that, in lieu of the above, the Director -General, after having given consideration to the ship’s arrangement and equipment, may accept other fixed in stallations if they afford protection equivalent to the above, the requirements for alternative fixed installations shall comply with the requirements in sub -clause (ii) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (8); (ii) in accordance with sub -clause (i) of clause (a) o f sub - paragraph (8), where the Director -General accepts an equivalent fixed installation in lieu of the fixed deck foam fire -extinguishing system, the installation shall - (A) be capable of extinguishing spill fires and also preclude ignition of spilled oil not yet ignited; and (B) be capable of combating fires in ruptured tanks. (iii) tankers of less than 20,000 tonnes deadweight shall be provided with a deck foam fire -extinguishing system complying with the requirements of the fire safety systems code. (9) Protection of c argo pump -rooms — (a) fixed fire -extinguishing systems — each cargo pump -room shall be provided with one of the following fixed fire - extinguishing systems operated from a readily accessible position outside the pump -room. Cargo pump -rooms shall be provided wi th a system suitable for machinery spaces of category A. (i) a carbon dioxide fire -extinguishing system complying with the provisions of the fire safety systems code and with the following — (A) the alarms giving audible warning of the release of fire - extinguis hing medium shall be safe for use in a flammable cargo vapour/air mixture; and (B) a notice shall be exhibited at the controls stating that, due to the electrostatic ignition hazard, the system is to be used only for fire extinguishing and not for inerting pu rposes. (ii) a high -expansion foam fire -extinguishing system complying with the provisions of the fire safety systems code, provided that the foam concentrate supply is suitable for extinguishing fires involving the cargoes carried; (iii) a fixed pressure water -spraying fire -extinguishing system complying with the provisions of the fire safety systems code. (b) quantity of fire -extinguishing medium — where the fire - extinguishing medium used in the cargo pump -room system is also used in systems serving other spaces, the quantity of medium provided or its delivery rate not be more than the maximum required for the largest compartment. (10) fire-fighter’s outfits — (a) types of fire -fighter’s outfits — (i) fire-fighter’s outfits shall comply with the fire safety systems code; (ii) self-contained compressed air breathing apparatus of fire-fighter's outfits shall comply with the fire safety systems code; (b) number of fire -fighter’s outfits — (i) ships shall carry at least two fire -fighter’s outfits; (ii) in addition, in tankers, two fire -fighter’s out fits shall be provided; (iii) the Director -General may require additional sets of personal equipment and breathing apparatus, having due regard to the size and type of the ship; (iv) two spare charges shall be provided for each required breathing apparatus. Cargo shi ps that are equipped with suitably located means for fully recharging the air cylinders free from contamination, need carry only one spare charge for each required apparatus. (c) storage of fire -fighter’s outfits — the fire -fighter’s outfits or sets of person al equipment shall be kept ready for use in an easily accessible location that is permanently and clearly marked and, where more than one fire -fighter’s outfit or more than one set of personal equipment is carried, they shall be stored in widely separated positions; (d) fire-fighter's communication — for ships constructed on or after the 1st July, 2014, a minimum of two two -way portable radiotelephone apparatus for each fire party for fire -fighter's communication shall be carried on board. Those two -way portabl e radiotelephone apparatus shall be of an explosion - proof type or intrinsically safe. Ships constructed before the 1st July, 2014 shall comply with the requirements of this paragraph not later than the first survey after the 1st July, 2018. (11) Fire-extinguish ing media restrictions — The purpose of this paragraph is to protect persons on board against exposure to dangerous substances used in firefighting, as well as to minimize the impact of fire -extinguishing media that are deemed detrimental to the environmen t. (a) this paragraph applies to ships constructed on or after the 1st January 2026; (b) the prohibited substances in this paragraph shall be delivered to appropriate shore -based reception facilities when removed from the ship; and (c) use or storage of extinguishing media containing perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) shall be prohibited. (78) Structural integrity. — (1) Purpose: The purpose of this paragraph is to maintain structural integrity of the ship preventing partial or whole collapse of the ship structures due to strength deterioration by heat. For this purpose, materials used in the ship’s structure shall ensure that the structural integrity is not degraded due to fire. (2) Material of hull, superstructures, structural bulkheads, decks and deckhouses - The hull, sup erstructures, structural bulkheads, decks and deckhouses shall be constructed of steel or other equivalent material. For the purpose of applying the definition of steel or other equivalent material as given in sub -rule (99) of rule 3, the “applicable fire exposure” shall be according to the integrity and insulation standards given in Tables 1 to 4 For example, where divisions such as decks or sides and ends of deckhouses are permitted to have “B -0” fire integrity, the “applicable fire exposure” shall be hal f an hour. (3) Structure of aluminum alloy - unless otherwise specified in sub-paragraph (2), in cases where any part of the structure is of aluminum alloy, the following shall apply — (a) the insulation of aluminum alloy components of “A” or “B” class divisions , except structure which, in the opinion of the Director -General, is non -load-bearing, shall be such that the temperature of the structural core does not rise more than 200°C above the ambient temperature at any time during the applicable fire exposure to the standard fire test; and (b) special attention shall be given to the insulation of aluminum alloy components of columns, stanchions and other structural members required to support lifeboat and liferaft stowage, launching and embarkation areas, and “A” and “B” class divisions to ensure: (i) that for such members supporting lifeboat and liferaft areas and “A” class divisions, the temperature rise limitation specified in clause(a) of sub -paragraph (3) shall apply at the end of one hour; and (ii) that for such mem bers required to support “B” class divisions, the temperature rise limitation specified in clause (a) of sub -paragraph (3) shall apply at the end of half an hour. (4) Machinery spaces of category A — (a) crowns and casings - crowns and casings of machinery space s of category A shall be of steel construction and shall be insulated as required by Table 1 and 3, as appropriate; (b) floor plating — the floor plating of normal passageways in machinery spaces of category A shall be made of steel. (5) Materials of overboard fit tings — materials readily rendered ineffective by heat shall not be used for overboard scuppers, sanitary discharges, and other outlets which are close to the waterline and where the failure of the material in the event of fire would give rise to danger of flooding. (6) Protection of cargo tank structure against pressure or vacuum in tankers — (a) general — the venting arrangements shall be so designed and operated as to ensure that neither pressure nor vacuum in cargo tanks shall exceed design parameters and be such as to provide for — (i) the flow of the small volumes of vapour, air or inert gas mixtures caused by thermal variations in a cargo tank in all cases through pressure/vacuum valves; and (ii) the passage of large volumes of vapour, air or inert gas mixtures d uring cargo loading and ballasting, or during discharging. (b) openings for small flow by thermal variations - openings for pressure release required by sub - clause (i) of clause (a) of sub-paragraph (6) shall — (i) have as great a height as is practicable above the cargo tank deck to obtain maximum dispersal of flammable vapours, but in no case less than two (2) meters above the cargo tank deck; and (ii) be arranged at the furthest distance practicable but not less than five (5) meters from the nearest air intakes a nd openings to enclosed spaces containing a source of ignition and from deck machinery and equipment which may constitute an ignition hazard. Anchor windlass and chain locker openings constitute an ignition hazard; (iii) for tankers constructed on or after the 1st January, 2017, the openings shall be arranged in accordance with item (A) of sub -clause (iv) of clause (c) of sub -paragraph (5) paragraph 71. (c) safety measures in cargo tanks — (i) preventive measures against liquid rising in the venting system: Provisions shall be made to guard against liquid rising in the venting system to a height which would exceed the design head of cargo tanks. This shall be accomplished by high -level alarms or overflow control systems or other equivalent means, together wit h independent gauging devices and cargo tank filling procedures. For the purposes of this paragraph, spill valves are not considered equivalent to an overflow system. (ii) secondary means for pressure or vacuum relief: A secondary means of allowing full flow r elief of vapour, air or inert gas mixtures to prevent over -pressure or under -pressure in the event of failure of the arrangements in sub - clause (ii) of clause (a) of sub - paragraph (6). In addition, for tankers constructed on or after the 1st January, 201 7, the secondary means shall be capable of preventing over -pressure or under - pressure in the event of damage to, or inadvertent closing of, the means of isolation required in sub -clause (ii) of clause (c) of sub -paragraph (5) of rule. Alternatively, pressu re sensors may be fitted in each tank protected by the arrangement required in sub - clause (ii) of clause(a) of sub -paragraph (6) with a monitoring system in the ship’s cargo control room or the position from which cargo operations are normally carried out. Such monitoring equipment shall also provide an alarm facility which is activated by detection of over -pressure or under -pressure conditions within a tank. (iii) bypasses in vent mains — pressure/vacuum valves required by sub - clause (i) of clause (a) of sub - paragraph (6) may be provided with a bypass arrangement when they are located in a vent main or masthead riser. Where such an arrangement is provided there shall be suitable indicators to show whether the bypass is open or closed; (iv) pressure or vacuum -breakin g devices - One or more pressure or vacuum -breaking devices shall be provided to prevent the cargo tanks from being subject to: (A) a positive pressure, in excess of the test pressure of the cargo tank, if the cargo were to be loaded at the maximum rated capacity and all other outlets are left shut; (B) a negative pressure in excess of 700 millimeters water gauge if cargo were to be discharged at the maximum rated capacity of the cargo pumps and the inert gas blowers were to fail; and (C) such devices shall be ins talled on the inert gas main unless they are installed in the venting system required by item (B) of sub - clause (ii) clause (c) of sub -paragraph (5) of paragraph 71 or on individual cargo tanks. The location and design of the devices shall be in accordanc e with sub- clause (ii) clause (c) of sub -paragraph (5) of paragraph 71 and sub- paragraph (6 ) of this paragraph. (v) size of ve nt outlets - for cargo loading, discharging and ballasting required by sub -clause (ii) of clause (a) of sub-paragraph (6) shall be designed on the basis of the maximum designed loading rate multiplied by a factor of at least 1.25 to take account of gas evo lution, in order to prevent the pressure in any cargo tank from exceeding the design pressure. The master shall be provided with information regarding the maximum permissible loading rate for each cargo tank and in the case of combined venting systems, for each group of cargo tanks. CHAPTER - XI ESCAPE (79) Notification of crew. — (1) purpose: the purpose of this paragraph is to notify crew of a fire for safe evacuation. For this purpose, a general emergency alarm system and a public address system shall be provided. (2) general emergency alarm system - a general emergency alarm system required by regulation III/6.4.2 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974 shall be used for notifying crew of a fire. (80) Means of escape. – (1) purpose: the pu rpose of this paragraph is to provide means of escape so that persons onboard can safely and swiftly escape to the lifeboat and life raft embarkation deck. For this purpose, the following functional requirements shall be met (a) safe escape routes shall be pr ovided; (b) escape routes shall be maintained in a safe condition, clear of obstacles; and (c) additional aids for escape shall be provided as necessary to ensure accessibility, clear marking, and adequate design for emergency situations. (2) general requireme nts — (a) unless expressly provided otherwise in this paragraph, at least two widely separated and ready means of escape shall be provided from all spaces or group of spaces; (b) lifts shall not be considered as forming one of the means of escape as required b y this paragraph. (3) means of escape from control stations, accommodation and service spaces - (a) general requirements — (i) stairways and ladders shall be so arranged as to provide ready means of escape to the lifeboat and liferaft embarkation deck from crew accom modation spaces and from spaces in which the crew is normally employed, other than machinery spaces; (ii) unless expressly provided otherwise in this paragraph, a corridor, lobby, or part of a corridor from which there is only one route of escape shall be prohi bited. Dead -end corridors used in service areas which are necessary for the practical utility of the ship, such as fuel oil stations and athwartship supply corridors, shall be permitted, provided such dead -end corridors are separated from crew accommodatio n areas. Also, a part of a corridor that has a depth not exceeding its width is considered a recess or local extension and is permitted; (iii) all stairways in accommodation and service spaces and control stations shall be of steel frame construction except wher e the Director -General sanctions the use of other equivalent material; (iv) if a radiotelegraph station has no direct access to the open deck, two means of escape from or access to, the station shall be provided, one of which may be a porthole or window of suff icient size or other means to the satisfaction of the Director -General; (v) doors in escape routes shall, in general, open in -way of the direction of escape, except that — (A) individual cabin doors may open into the cabins in order to avoid injury to persons in t he corridor when the door is opened; and (B) doors in vertical emergency escape trunks may open out of the trunk in order to permit the trunk to be used both for escape and for access. (b) means of escape in cargo ships — (i) general - at all levels of accommodation there shall be provided at least two widely separated means of escape from each restricted space or group of spaces; (ii) escape from spaces below the lowest open deck - below the lowest open deck the main means of escape shall be a stairway and the second esc ape may be a trunk or a stairway; (iii) escape from spaces above the lowest open deck - above the lowest open deck the means of escape shall be stairways or doors to an open deck or a combination thereof; (iv) dead -end corridors - no dead -end corridors having a lengt h of more than 7 m shall be accepted; (v) width and continuity of escape routes - the width, number and continuity of escape routes shall be in accordance with the requirements in the fire safety systems code; and (vi) dispensation from two means of escape - excep tionally the Director -General may dispense with one of the means of escape, for crew spaces that are entered only occasionally, if the required escape route is independent of watertight doors. (c) emergency escape breathing devices — (i) emergency escape breathin g devices shall comply with the fire safety systems code. Spare emergency escape breathing devices shall be kept onboard; (ii) all ships shall carry at least two emergency escape breathing devices within accommodation spaces. (4) means of escape from machinery spac es — (a) means of escape on cargo ships from each machinery space in cargo ships shall compl y with the following provisions — (i) escape from machinery spaces of category A - except as provided in sub - clause (ii) of clause (a) of sub - paragraph (4), two means of e scape shall be provided from each machinery space of category A. In particular, one of the following provisions shall be complied with: (A) two sets of steel ladders as widely separated as possible leading to doors in the upper part of the space similarly separated and from which access is provided to the open deck. One of these ladders shall be located within a protected enclosure that satisfies sub -clause (iii) of clause (b) of sub - paragraph (2) of paragraph 76, category (4), from the lower part of the spac e it serves to a safe position outside the space. Self -closing fire doors of the same fire integrity standards shall be fitted in the enclosure. The ladder shall be fixed in such a way that heat is not transferred into the enclosure through non -insulated f ixing points. The enclosure shall have minimum internal dimensions of at least 800 millimeters x 800 millimeters, and shall have emergency lighting provisions; or (B) one steel ladder leading to a door in the upper part of the space from which access is provi ded to the open deck and, additionally, in the lower part of the space and in a position well separated from the ladder referred to, a steel door capable of being operated from each side and which provides access to a safe escape route from the lower part of the space to the open deck. (ii) dispensation from two means of escape — in a ship of less than 1,000 gross tonnage, the Director -General may dispense with one of the means of escape required under sub -clause (i) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (4), due regar d being paid to the dimension and disposition of the upper part of the space. In addition, the means of escape from machinery spaces of category A need not comply with the requirement for an enclosed fire shelter listed in item (A) of sub -clause (i) of cla use (a) of sub - paragraph (4). In the steering gear space, a second means of escape shall be provided when the emergency steering position is located in that space unless there is direct access to the open deck; (iii) escape from machinery spaces other than those of category A, from machinery spaces other than those of category A, two escape routes shall be provided except that a single escape route may be accepted for spaces that are entered only occasionally, and for spaces where the maximum travel distance to t he door is five (5) meters or less; (iv) inclined ladders and stairways — for ships constructed on or after the 1st January, 2016, all inclined ladders/stairways fitted to comply with sub -clause (i) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (4) with open treads in machine ry spaces being part of or providing access to escape routes but not located within a protected enclosure shall be made of steel. Such ladders/stairways shall be fitted with steel shields attached to their undersides, such as to provide escaping personnel protection against heat and flame from beneath; (v) escape from machinery control rooms in machinery spaces of category "A", for ships constructed on or after the 1st January, 2016, two means of escape shall be provided from the machinery control room located within a machinery space. At least one of these escape routes shall provide a continuous fire shelter to a safe position outside the machinery space; (vi) escape from main workshops in machinery spaces of category "A", for ships constructed on or after the 1st January, 2016, two means of escape shall be provided from the main workshop within a machinery space. At least one of these escape routes shall provide a continuous fire shelter to a safe position outside the machinery space. (b) emergency escape breathing de vices - (i) on all ships, within the machinery spaces, emergency escape breathing devices shall be situated ready for use at easily visible places, which can be reached quickly and easily at any time in the event of fire. The location of emergency escape brea thing devices shall take into account the layout of the machinery space and the number of persons normally working in the spaces; (ii) the number and location of these devices shall be indicated in the fire control plan required in clause (d) of sub -paragraph ( 2) of paragraph 82; (iii) emergency escape breathing devices shall comply with the fire safety systems code. (5) means of escape from ro -ro spaces — at least two means of escape shall be provided in ro -ro spaces where the crew are normally employed. The escape route s shall provide a safe escape to the lifeboat and liferaft embarkation decks and shall be located at the fore and aft ends of the space. CHAPTER - XII OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS (81) Operational readiness and maintenance . — (1) the purpose of this paragraph is to maintain and monitor the effectiveness of the fire safety measures the ship is provided with. For this purpose, the following functional requirements shall be met - (a) fire protection systems and fire -fighting systems and appliances shall be maintained read y for use; and (b) fire protection systems and fire -fighting systems and appliances shall be properly tested and inspected. (2) general requirements — (a) at all times while the ship is in service, the requirements of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (1) shall be comp lied with. A ship is not in service when - (i) it is in for repairs or lay -up (either at anchor or in port) or in dry -dock; (ii) it is declared not in service by the owner or the owner’s representative; and (b) operational readiness (i) the following fire protection sys tems shall be kept in good order so as to ensure their required performance if a fire occurs: (A) structural fire protection including fire -resisting divisions, and protection of openings and penetrations in these divisions; (B) fire detection and fire alarm sys tems; and (C) means of escape systems and appliances. (ii) fire-fighting systems and appliances shall be kept in good working order and readily available for immediate use. Portable extinguishers which have been discharged shall be immediately recharged or replac ed with an equivalent unit. (c) maintenance, testing and inspections — (i) maintenance, testing, and inspections shall be carried out in accordance with the guidelines developed by the organisation and as may be specified by the Director -General from time to time , having due regard to the organisation’s guidelines, codes, equipment manufacturers’ recommended maintenance schedules, and any other relevant stakeholder recommendations, so as to ensure the reliability of fire -fighting systems and appliances. The Direct or-General may also specify, from time to time, the conditions for approval of service providers for the maintenance, testing and inspection of fire -fighting systems and appliances; (ii) the maintenance plan shall be kept on board the ship and shall be availabl e for inspection whenever required by the Director -General; (iii) the maintenance plan shall include at least the following fire protection systems and fire -fighting systems and appliances, where installed — (A) fire mains, fire pumps and hydrants including hoses, nozzles and international shore connections; (B) fixed fire detection and fire alarm systems; (C) fixed fire -extinguishing systems and other fire extinguishing appliances; (D) automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm systems; (E) ventilation systems includin g fire and smoke dampers, fans and their controls; (F) emergency shutdown of fuel supply; (G) fire doors, including their controls; (H) general emergency alarm systems; (I) emergency escape breathing devices; (J) portable fire extinguishers including space charges; and (K) fire-fighter’s outfits. (d) the maintenance program may be computer -based. (3) additional requirements for tankers — (a) in addition to the fire protection systems and appliances listed in sub -clause (iii) of clause (c) of sub -paragraph (2) tankers shall develop a m aintenance plan for: (i) inert gas systems; (ii) deck foam systems; (iii) fire safety arrangements in cargo pump rooms; and (iv) flammable gas detectors. (82) Instructions, on -board training and drills. — (1) the purpose of this paragraph is to mitigate the consequences of fi re by means of proper instructions for training and drills of persons on board in correct procedures under emergency conditions. For this purpose, the crew shall have the necessary knowledge and skills to handle fire emergency cases, including passenger ca re. (2) general requirements — (a) instructions, duties and organisation — (i) crew members shall receive instruction on fire safety on board the ship; (ii) crew members shall receive instructions on their assigned duties; (iii) parties responsible for fire -extinguishing shall be organized. These parties shall have the capability to complete their duties at all times while the ship is in service. (b) on-board training and drills — (i) crew members shall be trained to be familiar with the arrangements of the ship as well as the locati on and operation of any fire -fighting systems and appliances that they may be called upon to use; (ii) training in the use of the emergency escape breathing devices shall be considered as part of on -board training; (iii) performance of crew members assigned fire -fighting duties shall be periodically evaluated by conducting on-board training and drills to identify areas in need of improvement, to ensure competency in fire -fighting skills is maintained, and to ensure the operational readiness of the fire -fighting organ isation ; (iv) on-board training in the use of the ship’s fire - extinguishing systems and appliances shall be planned and conducted in accordance with provisions of regulation III/19.4.1 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974; (v) fire drills shall be conducted and recorded in accordance with the provisions of regulations III/19.3 and III/19.5 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974; and (vi) an onboard means of recharging breathing apparatus cylinders used during drills shal l be provided or a suitable number of spare cylinders shall be carried onboard to replace those used. (c) training manuals - (i) a training manual shall be provided in each crew mess room and recreation room or in each crew cabin; (ii) the training manual shall be wr itten in the working language of the ship. (iii) the training manual, which may comprise several volumes, shall contain the instructions and information required in sub -clause (iv) of clause (c) in easily understood terms and illustrated wherever possible. Any part of such information may be provided in the form of audio -visual aids in lieu of the manual; (iv) the training manual shall explain the following in detail — (A) general fire safety practice and precautions related to the dangers of smoking, electrical hazards, flammable liquids and similar common shipboard hazards; (B) general instructions on fire -fighting activities and fire -fighting procedures including procedures for notification of a fire and use of manually operated call points; (C) meanings of the ship’s alarms; (D) operation and use of fire -fighting systems and appliances; (E) operation and use of fire doors; (F) operation and use of fire and smoke dampers; and (G) escape systems and appliances. (d) fire control plans — (i) general arrangement plans shall be permanently exhibite d for the guidance of the ship’s officers, showing clearly for each deck the control stations, the various fire sections enclosed by “A” class divisions, the sections enclosed by “B” class divisions together with particulars of the fire detection and fir e alarm systems, the sprinkler installation, the fire - extinguishing appliances, means of access to different compartments, decks, etc., and the ventilating system including particulars of the fan control positions, the position of dampers and identificatio n numbers of the ventilating fans serving each section. Alternatively, at the discretion of the Director -General, the aforementioned details may be set out in a booklet, a copy of which shall be supplied to each officer, and one copy shall at all times be available on board in an accessible position. Plans and booklets shall be kept up to date; any alterations thereto shall be recorded as soon as practicable. Description in such plans and booklets shall be in the language or languages required by the Direct or- General. If the language is neither English nor Hindi, a translation into one of those languages shall be included. (ii) a duplicate set of fire control plans or a booklet containing such plans shall be permanently stored in a prominently marked weathertigh t enclosure outside the deckhouse for the assistance of shore -side fire - fighting personnel. (83) Operations . — (1) the purpose of this paragraph is to provide information and instructions for proper ship and cargo handling operations in relation to fire safety . For this purpose, the following functional requirements shall be met — (a) fire safety operational booklets shall be provided on board; and (b) flammable vapour releases from cargo tank venting shall be controlled. (2) fire safety operation booklets — (a) the requir ed fire safety operational booklet shall contain the necessary information and instructions for the safe operation of the ship and cargo handling operations in relation to fire safety. The booklet shall include information concerning the crew’s responsibil ities for the general fire safety of the ship while loading and discharging cargo and while underway. Necessary fire safety precautions for handling general cargoes shall be explained. For ships carrying dangerous goods and flammable bulk cargoes, the fire safety operational booklet shall also provide reference to the pertinent fire - fighting and emergency cargo handling instructions contained in the Code of Safe practice for solid bulk cargoes, the international bulk chemical code, the international gas car rier code and the international maritime dangerous goods code, International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes(IMSBC) code as appropriate. (b) the fire safety operational booklet shall be provided in each crew mess room and recreation room or in each crew cabin. (c) the fire safety operational booklet shall be written in the working language of the ship. (d) the fire safety operational booklet may be combined with the training manuals required in sub -clause (iii) of clause(b) of sub-paragraph (2) of paragraph 82. (3) additio nal requirements for tankers — (a) general — the fire safety operational booklet referred to in sub-paragraph (2) shall include provisions for preventing fire spread to the cargo area due to ignition of flammable vapours and include procedures of cargo tank ga s-purging or gas -freeing, taking into account the provisions in clause (b) of sub -paragraph (3); (b) procedures for cargo tank purging or gas -freeings — (i) when the ship is provided with an inert gas system, the cargo tanks shall first be purged in accordance wit h the provisions of clause (f) of sub -paragraph (5) of paragraph 71 until the concentration of hydrocarbon vapours in the cargo tanks has been reduced to less than two (2) per cent. by volume. Thereafter, gas - freeing may take place at the cargo tank deck l evel. (ii) when the ship is not provided with an inert gas system, the operation shall be such that the flammable vapour is discharged initially through: (A) the vent outlets as specified in sub -clause (iv) of clause (c) of sub-paragraph (5) of paragraph 71; (B) outlets at least two (2) meters above the cargo tank deck level with a vertical efflux velocity of at least thirty (30) meters per second maintained during the gas -freeing operation; or (C) outlets at least two (2) meters above the cargo tank deck level with a ve rtical efflux velocity of at least twenty (20) meters per second and which are protected by suitable devices to prevent the passage of flame. (iii) the above outlets shall be located not less than ten (10) meters, measured horizontally, from the nearest air intakes and openings to enclosed spaces containing a source of ignition and from deck machinery, which may include anchor windlass and chain locker openings, and equipment which may constitute an ignition hazard; (iv) when the flammable vapour concentration at the outlet has been reduced to thirty (30) per cent. of the lower flammable limit, gas -freeing may be continued at cargo tank deck level. (c) operation of inert gas system — (i) the inert gas system for tankers required in accordance with sub -clause (i) of clause ( e) of sub - paragraph (5) of paragraph 71 shall be so operated as to render and maintain the atmosphere of the cargo tanks non -flammable, except when such tanks are required to be gas -free; (ii) the above, for chemical tankers, the application of inert gas, may t ake place after the cargo tank has been loaded, but before commencement of unloading and shall continue to be applied until that cargo tank has been purged of all flammable vapours before gas - freeing. Only nitrogen is acceptable as inert gas under this pro vision; (iii) the provisions of this paragraph shall only apply to tankers constructed on or after the 1st January, 2016. If the oxygen content of the inert gas exceeds five (5) per cent. by volume, immediate action shall be taken to improve the gas quality. Unl ess the quality of the gas improves, all operations in those cargo tanks to which inert gas is being supplied shall be suspended so as to avoid air being drawn into the cargo tanks, the gas regulating valve, if fitted, shall be closed and the off-specifica tion gas shall be vented to atmosphere; (iv) in the event that the inert gas system is unable to meet the requirement in clause (i) of sub -paragraph (c) of this paragraph and it has been assessed that it is impractical to effect a repair, then cargo discharge a nd cleaning of those cargo tanks requiring inerting shall only be resumed when suitable emergency procedures have been followed, taking into account guidelines developed by the organisation . CHAPTER - XIII ALTERNATIVE DESIGN AND ARRANGEMENTS (84) Alternative de sign and arrangements. — (1) the purpose of this paragraph is to provide a methodology for alternative design and arrangements for fire safety. (2) general – (a) fire safety design and arrangements may devi ate from the prescriptive requirements set out in these paragraphs, provided that the design and arrangements meet the fire safety objectives and the functional requirements. (b) when fire safety design or arrangements deviate from the prescriptive requirements of these paragraphs, engineering analysis, evaluation and approval of the alternative design and arrangements shall be carried out in accordance with this paragraph. (3) engineering analysis - the engineering analysis shall be prepared and submitted to the Director -General, based on the guidelines developed by the organisation, and shall include, as a minimum, the following elements: (a) determination of the ship type and space(s) concerned; (b) identification of prescriptive requirement(s) with which the ship or the space(s) shall not comply; (c) identification of the f ire and explosion hazards of the ship or the space(s) concerned including; (i) identification of the possible ignition sources; (ii) identification of the fire growth potential of each space concerned; (iii) identification of the smoke and toxic effluent generation potential for each space concerned; (iv) identification of the potential for the spread of fire, smoke or of toxic effluents from the space(s) concerned to other spaces; (d) determination of the required fire safety performance criteria for the ship or the space( s) concerned addressed by the prescriptive requirement(s) in particular — (i) performance criteria shall be based on the fire safety objectives and on the functional requirements of this paragraph; (ii) performance criteria shall provide a degree of safety not less than that achieved by using the prescriptive requirements; and (iii) performance criteria shall be quantifiable and measurable; (e) detailed description of the alternative design and arrangements, including a list of the assumptions used in the design and any proposed operational restrictions or conditions; and (f) technical justification demonstrating that the alternative design and arrangements meet the required fire safety performance criteria. (4) evaluation of the alternative design and arrange ments — (a) the engineering analysis required in sub -paragraph (3) shall be evaluated and approved by the Director -General taking into account the guidelines developed by the organisation . (b) a copy of the documentation, as approved by the Director - General, in dicating that the alternative design and arrangements comply with this paragraph shall be carried on board the ship. (5) exchange of information, the Director -General may communicate to the organisation pertinent information concerning alternative design and arrangements approved by them for circulation to all Contracting Governments. (6) re-evaluation due to change of conditions, if the assumptions and operational restrictions that were stipulated in the alternative design and arrangements are changed, the engineering analysis shall be carried out under the changed condition and shall be approved by the Director -General. CHAPTER - XIV SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS (85) Helicopter facilities. – (1) purpose - the purpose of this paragraph is to provide additional measures in order to address the fire safety objectives for ships fitted with special facilities for helicopters. For this purpose, the following functional requirements shall be met — (a) helideck structure must be adequate to protect the ship from the fire hazards associated with helicopter operations; (b) fire-fighting appliances shall be provided to adequately protect the ship from the fire hazards associated with helicopter operations; (c) refuelling and hangar facili ties and operations shall provide the necessary measures to protect the ship from the fire hazards associated with helicopter operations; and (d) operation manuals and training shall be provided. (2) application — (a) in addition to complying with the requirements o f paragraphs, as appropriate, ships equipped with helidecks shall comply with the requirements of this paragraph. (b) where helicopters land or conduct winching operations on an occasional or emergency basis on ships without helidecks, fire-fighting equipment fitted in accordance with the requirements in these paragraphs may be used. This equipment shall be made readily available in close proximity to the landing or winching areas during helicopter operations. (c) notwithstanding the requirements of sub -paragraph (2) above, ships constructed on or after the 1st January, 2020, having a helicopter landing area, shall be provided with foam firefighting appliances which comply with the relevant provisions of chapter 17 of the fire safety systems code. (3) structure — (a) const ruction of steel or other equivalent material — in general, the construction of the helidecks shall be of steel or other equivalent materials. If the helideck forms the deck head of a deckhouse or superstructure, it shall be insulated to “A -60” class stand ard; (b) construction of aluminum or other low melting point metals — if the Director -General permits aluminum or other low melting point metal construction that is not made equivalent to steel, the following provisions shall be satisfied — (i) if the platform is cantilevered over the side of the ship, after each fire on the ship or on the platform, the platform shall undergo a structural analysis to determine its suitability for further use; and (ii) if the platform is located above the ship’s deckhouse or similar str ucture, the following conditions shall be satisfied: — (A) the deckhouse top and bulkheads under the platform shall have no openings; (B) windows under the platform shall be provided with steel shutters; and (C) after each fire on the platform or in close proximity , the platform shall undergo a structural analysis to determine its suitability for further use. (4) means of escape — a helideck shall be provided with both a main and an emergency means of escape and access for firefighting and rescue personnel. These sha ll be located as far apart from each other as is practicable and preferably on opposite sides of the helideck. (5) fire-fighting appliances — (a) in close proximity to the helideck, the following fire -fighting appliances shall be provided and stored near the means of access to that helideck: (i) at least two dry powder extinguishers having a total capacity of not less than forty -five (45) kilograms; (ii) carbon dioxide extinguishers of a total capacity of not less than eighteen (18) kilograms kg or equivalent; (iii) a suitable foam application system consisting of monitors or foam making branch pipes capable of delivering foam to all parts of the helideck in all weather conditions in which helicopters can operate. The system shall be capable of delivering a discharge rate as re quired in table 5 for at least five minutes; TABLE 5 Foam discharge rates Category Helicopter overall length Discharge rate foam solution ( l/min) H1 up to but not including 15m 250 H2 from 15m up to but not including 24m 500 H3 from 24m up to but not including 35m 800 (iv) the principal agent shall be suitable for use with salt water and conform to performance standards not inferior to those acceptable to the organisation ; (v) at least two nozzles of an approved dual -purpose type (jet/spray) and hoses sufficient to reach any part of the helideck; (vi) in lieu of the requirements of sub -clause (iii) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (5) through sub -clause (v) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (5), on ships constructed on or after the 1st January, 2020 having a he lideck, foam firefighting appliances which comply with the provisions of the fire safety systems code; (vii) in addition to the requirements of sub -paragraph (10) of paragraph 77, two sets of fire -fighter’s outfits; and (viii) at least the following equipment shall be stored in a manner that provides for immediate use and protection from the elements: — (A) adjustable wrench (B) blanket, fire resistant; (C) cutters, bolt, sixty (60) centimeters; (D) hook, grab or salving; (E) hacksaw, heavy duty complete with six spare blades; (F) ladde r; (G) lift line five (5) millimeters diameter × fifteen (15) meters in length; (H) pliers, side -cutting; (I) set of assorted screwdrivers; and (J) harness knife complete with sheath. (6) drainage facilities — drainage facilities in way of helidecks shall be constructed of steel and shall lead directly overboard independent of any other system and shall be designed so that drainage does not fall onto any part of the ship. (7) helicopter refueling and hangar facilities — where the ship has helicopter refueling and hangar facil ities, the following requirements shall be complied with: (a) a designated area shall be provided for the storage of fuel tanks which shall be — (i) as remote as is practicable from accommodation spaces, escape routes and embarkation stations; and (ii) isolated from a reas containing a source of vapour ignition; (b) the fuel storage area shall be provided with arrangements whereby fuel spillage may be collected and drained to a safe location; (c) tanks and associated equipment shall be protected against physical damage and fr om a fire in an adjacent space or area; (d) where portable fuel storage tanks are used, special attention shall be given to: (i) design of the tank for its intended purpose; (ii) mounting and securing arrangements; (iii) electric bonding; and (iv) inspection procedures; (e) storage tank fuel pumps shall be provided with means which permit shutdown from a safe remote location in the event of a fire. Where a gravity fuelling system is installed, equivalent closing arrangements shall be provided to isolate the fuel source; (f) the fue l pumping unit shall be connected to one tank at a time. The piping between the tank and the pumping unit shall be of steel or equivalent material, as short as possible, and protected against damage; (g) electrical fuel pumping units and associated control equipment shall be of a type suitable for the location and potential hazards; (h) fuel pumping units shall incorporate a device which shall prevent over -pressurisation of the delivery or filling hose; (i) equipment used in refuelling operations shall be electrical ly bonded; (j) no smoking signs shall be displayed at appropriate locations prescribed as “NO SMOKING”; (k) hangar, refuelling and maintenance facilities shall be treated as category ‘A’ machinery spaces with regard to structural fire protection, fixed fire -extinguishing and detection system requirements; (l) enclosed hangar facilities or enclosed spaces containing refuelling installations shall be provided with mechanical ventilation, as required by sub -paragraph (3) of paragraph 80 for closed ro -ro spaces of carg o ships. Ventilation fans shall be of non -sparking type; and (m) electric equipment and wiring in enclosed hangar or enclosed spaces containing refuelling installations shall comply with paragraphs of clauses (b),(c),(d) of sub -paragraph(3) of paragraph 87. (8) operations manual and fire -fighting service — (a) each helicopter facility shall have an operations manual, including a description and a checklist of safety precautions, procedures and equipment requirements. This manual may be part of the ship’s emergency r esponse procedures.; (b) the procedures and precautions to be followed during refuelling operations shall be in accordance with recognized safe practices and contained in the operations manual; (c) fire-fighting personnel, consisting of at least two persons trained for rescue and fire -fighting duties, and fire -fighting equipment shall be immediately available at all times when helicopter operations are expected; (d) fire-fighting personnel shall be present during refuelling operations. However, the fire -fighting perso nnel shall not be involved with refuelling activities; (e) on-board refresher training shall be carried out and additional supplies of fire fighting media shall be provided for training and testing of the equipment. (86) Carriage of dangerous goods . — (1) purpose : the purpose of this paragraph is to provide additional safety measures in order to address the fire safety objectives for ships carrying dangerous goods. For this purpose, the following functional requirements shall be met - (a) fire protection systems sha ll be provided to protect the ship from the added fire hazards associated with carriage of dangerous goods; (b) dangerous goods shall be adequately separated from ignition sources; and (c) appropriate personnel protective equipment shall be provided for the haza rds associated with the carriage of dangerous goods. (2) general requirements — (a) in addition to complying with the requirements of paragraphs in Chapters II,III, IV and V and paragraphs 85 and 87 as appropriate, ship types and cargo spaces, referred to in claus e (b) of sub -paragraph (2), intended for the carriage of dangerous goods shall comply with the requirements of this paragraph, as appropriate, except when carrying dangerous goods in limited quantities and excepted quantities unless such requirements have already been met by compliance with the requirements elsewhere in these paragraphs. The types of ships and modes of carriage of dangerous goods are referred to in clause (b) of sub -paragraph (2) and in Table 6. Cargo ships of less than 500 gross tonnage sh all comply with this paragraph, but Director -Generals may reduce the requirements, and such reduced requirements shall be recorded in the document of compliance referred to in sub -paragraph (4). (b) the following ship types and cargo spaces shall govern the application of Tables 6 and 7 — (i) ships and cargo spaces not specifically designed for the carriage of freight containers, but intended for the carriage of dangerous goods in packaged form including goods in freight containers and portable tanks; (ii) purpose -built container ships and cargo spaces intended for the carriage of dangerous goods in freight containers and portable tanks; (iii) ro-ro ships and ro -ro spaces intended for the carriage of dangerous goods; (iv) ships and cargo spaces intended for the carriage of solid dangerous goods in bulk; and (v) ships and cargo spaces intended for carriage of dangerous goods other than liquids and gases in bulk in shipborne barges. (3) special requirements — unless otherwise specified, the following requirements shall govern the applic ation of Tables 6,7 and 8 to both “on -deck” and “under -deck” stowage of dangerous goods where the numbers of the following sub - paragraphs are indicated in the first column of the tables. (a) water supplies — (i) arrangements shall be made to ensure immediate availability of a supply of water from the fire main at the required pressure either by permanent pressurization or by suitably placed remote arrangements for the fire pumps; (ii) the quantity of water delivered shall be capable of supplying four nozzles of a s ize and at pressures as specified in sub -paragraph (2) of paragraph 77 capable of being trained on any part of the cargo space when empty. This amount of water may be applied by equivalent means to the satisfaction of the Director -General; (iii) means shall be p rovided for effectively cooling the designated underdeck cargo space by at least five (5) liters per min of the horizontal area of cargo spaces, either by a fixed arrangement of spraying nozzles or flooding the cargo space with water. Hoses may be used for this purpose in small cargo spaces and in small areas of larger cargo spaces at the discretion of the Director -General. However, the drainage and pumping arrangements shall be such as to prevent the build -up of free surfaces. The drainage system shall be sized to remove no less than 125 per cent. of the combined capacity of both the water spraying system pumps and the required number of fire hose nozzles. The drainage system valves shall be operable from outside the protected space at a position in the vic inity of the extinguishing system controls. Bilge wells shall be of sufficient holding capacity and shall be arranged at the side shell of the ship at a distance from each other of not more than forty (40) minutes in each watertight compartment. If this is not possible, the adverse effect upon stability of the added weight and free surface of water shall be taken into account to the extent deemed necessary by the Director -General in its approval of the stability information; (iv) provision to flood a designated under -deck cargo space with suitable specified media may be substituted for the requirements in sub -clause (iii) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (3); and (v) the total required capacity of the water supply shall satisfy sub - clauses (ii) and (iii) of clause(a) of sub - paragraph (3), if applicable, simultaneously calculated for the largest designated cargo space. The capacity requirements of sub -clause (ii) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (3) shall be met by the total capacity of the main fire pump(s), not includin g the capacity of the emergency fire pump, if fitted. If a drencher system is used to satisfy sub -clause (iii) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (3), the drencher pump shall also be taken into account in this total capacity calculation. (b) sources of ignition — electrical equipment and wiring shall not be fitted in enclosed cargo spaces or vehicle spaces unless it is essential for operational purposes in the opinion of the Director -General. However, if electrical equipment is fitted in such spaces, it shall be o f a certified safe type for use in the dangerous environments to which it may be exposed unless it is possible to completely isolate the electrical system (e.g. by removal of links in the system, other than fuses). Cable penetrations of the decks and bulkh eads shall be sealed against the passage of gas or vapour. Through runs of cables and cables within the cargo spaces shall be protected against damage from impact. Any other equipment which may constitute a source of ignition of flammable vapour shall not be permitted. (c) detection system — ro-ro spaces shall be fitted with a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the requirements of the fire safety systems code. All other types of cargo spaces shall be fitted with either a fixed fire detect ion and fire alarm system or a sample extraction smoke detection system complying with the requirements of the fire safety systems code. If a sample extraction smoke detection system is fitted, particular attention shall be made to paragraph 2.1.3 in chapt er 10 of the fire safety systems code in order to prevent the leakage of toxic fumes into occupied areas. (d) ventilation arrangement — (i) adequate power ventilation shall be provided in enclosed cargo spaces. The arrangement shall be such as to provide for at le ast six air changes per hour in the cargo space based on an empty cargo space and for removal of vapours from the upper or lower parts of the cargo space, as appropriate; (ii) the fans shall be such as to avoid the possibility of ignition of flammable gas/air m ixtures. Suitable wire mesh guards shall be fitted over inlet and outlet ventilation openings; (iii) natural ventilation shall be provided in enclosed cargo spaces intended for the carriage of solid dangerous goods in bulk, where there is no provision for mecha nical ventilation. (e) bilge pumping — (i) where it is intended to carry flammable or toxic liquids in enclosed cargo spaces, the bilge pumping system shall be designed to protect against inadvertent pumping of such liquids through machinery space piping or pump s. Where large quantities of such liquids are carried, consideration shall be given to the provision of additional means of draining those cargo spaces; (ii) if the bilge drainage system is additional to the system served by pumps in the machinery space, the capacity of the system shall be not less than 10 cubic meters per hour (m3/h) per cargo space served. If the additional system is common, the capacity need not exceed 25 cubic meters per hour (m3/h). The additional bilge system need not be arranged with redundancy; (iii) whenever flammable or toxic liquids are carried, the bilge line into the machinery space shall be isolated either by fitting a blank flange or by a closed lockable valve; (iv) enclosed spaces outside machinery spaces containing bilge pumps serving c argo spaces intended for carriage of flammable or toxic liquids should be fitted with separate mechanical ventilation giving at least 6 air changes per hour. If the space has access from another enclosed space, the door shall be self -closing; (v) if bilge dra inage of cargo spaces is arranged by gravity drainage, the drainage shall be either led directly overboard or to a closed drain tank located outside the machinery spaces. The tank shall be provided with a vent pipe to a safe location on the open deck. Drai nage from a cargo space into bilge wells in a lower space is only permitted if that space satisfies the same requirements as the cargo space above. (f) personnel protection — (i) four sets of full protective clothing, resistant to chemical attack, shall be provi ded in addition to the fire-fighter’s outfits required by sub -paragraph (10) of paragraph 77 and shall be selected taking into account the hazards associated with the chemicals being transported and the standards developed by the organisation according to the class and physical state. The protective clothing shall cover all skin, so that no part of the body is unprotected. (ii) at least two self -contained breathing apparatuses additional to those required by paragraph 77 shall be provided. Two spare charges sui table for use with the breathing apparatus shall be provided for each required apparatus. (g) portable fire extinguishers — portable fire extinguishers with a total capacity of at least twelve (12) kilograms of dry powder or equivalent shall be provided for t he cargo spaces. These extinguishers shall be in addition to any portable fire extinguishers required elsewhere in these rules. (h) insulation of machinery space boundaries -— bulkheads forming boundaries between cargo spaces and machinery spaces of category A shall be insulated to “A -60” class standard, unless the dangerous goods are stowed at least three (3) meters horizontally away from such bulkheads. Other boundaries between such spaces shall be insulated to “A -60” class standard (i) water spray system — each open ro -ro space having a deck above it and each space deemed to be a closed ro -ro space not capable of being sealed, shall be fitted with an approved fixed pressure water -spraying system for manual operation which shall protect all parts of any deck and v ehicle platform in the space, except that the Director -General may permit the use of any other fixed fire -extinguishing system that has been shown by full -scale test to be no less effective. However, the drainage and pumping arrangements shall be such as t o prevent the build -up of free surfaces. The drainage system shall be sized to remove no less than 125 per cent. of the combined capacity of both the water spraying system pumps and the required number of fire hose nozzles. The drainage system valves shall be operable from outside the protected space at a position in the vicinity of the extinguishing system controls. Bilge wells shall be of sufficient holding capacity and shall be arranged at the side shell of the ship at a distance from each other of not m ore than forty (40) meters in each watertight compartment. If this is not possible the adverse effect upon stability of the added weight and free surface of water shall be taken into account to the extent deemed necessary by the Director -General in its app roval of the stability information. (j) separation of ro -ro spaces — (i) in ships having ro -ro spaces, a separation shall be provided between a closed ro -ro space and an adjacent open ro -ro space. The separation shall be such as to minimize the passage of dangero us vapours and liquids between such spaces. Alternatively, such separation need not be provided if the ro -ro space is considered to be a closed cargo space over its entire length and fully complies with the relevant special requirements of this paragraph. (ii) in ships having ro -ro spaces, a separation shall be provided between a closed ro -ro space and the adjacent weather deck. The separation shall be such as to minimize the passage of dangerous vapours and liquids between such spaces. Alternatively, a separati on need not be provided if the arrangements of the closed ro -ro spaces are in accordance with those required for the dangerous goods carried on adjacent weather decks. (4) Document of compliance - (a) The Director -General shall provide the ship with an appropri ate document as evidence of compliance of construction and equipment with the requirements of this paragraph. Certification for dangerous goods, except solid dangerous goods in bulk, is not required for those cargoes specified as class 6.2 and 7, as define d in regulation VII/2, of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974 and dangerous goods in limited quantities and excepted quantities TABLE 6 Application of the requirements to different modes of dangerous carriage Where X appears in Table 2 it means this requirement is applicable to all classes of dangerous goods as given in th e appropriate line of Table 3 , except as indicated by the notes. Paragraph 83(2)(b) (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) Paragraph 83 Weather decks (1) to (5) inclusive Not specifically designed Container cargo spaces Closed ro-ro spaces5 Open ro-ro spaces Solid dangerous goods in bulk Shipbourne barges (3)(a)(i) X X X X X For application of requirements of paragraph 86 to different classes of dangerous goods, see Table 7 X (3)(a)(ii) X X X X X - (3)(a)(iii) - X X X X X (3)(a)(iv) - X X X X X (3)(b) - X X X X X4 (3)(C) - X X X - X4 (3)(d)(i) - X X1 X - X4 (3)(d)(ii) - X X1 X - X4 (3)(e) - X X X - - (3)(f)(i) X X X X X - (3)(f)(ii) X X X X X - (3)(g) X X - - X - (3)(h) X X X2 X X - (3)(i) - - - X3 X - (3)(j)(i) - - - X - - (3)(j)(ii) - - - X - - Notes: 1. For classes 4 and 5.1 solids not applicable to closed freight containers. For classes 2, 3, 6.1 and 8 when carried in closed freight containers, the ventilation rate may be reduced to not less than two air changes per hour. For classes 4 and 5.1 liquids when carried in closed freight containers, the ventilation rate may be reduced to not less than two air changes per hour. For the purpose of this requirement, a portable ta nk is a closed freight container 2. Applicable to decks only. 3. Applies only to closed ro -ro spaces, not capable of being sealed. 4. In the special case where the barges are capable of containing flammable vapours or alternatively if they are capable of discharging flammable vapours to a safe space outside the barge carrier compartment by means of ventilation ducts connected to the barges, these requirements may be reduced or waived to the satisfaction of the Central Government. 5. Special category spac es shall be treated as closed ro -ro spaces when dangerous goods are carried. TABLE 7 Application of the requirements to different classes of dangerous goods for ships Class 4.1 4.2 4.36 5.1 6.1 8 9 Paragraph 83 (3)(a)(i) X X - X - - X (3)(a)(ii) X X - X - - X (3)(b) X X7 X X8 - - X8 (3)(d)(i) - X7 X - - - - (3)(d)(ii) X9 X7 X X7.9 - - X7.9 (3)(d)(iii) X X X X X X X (3)(f) X X X X X X X (3)(h) X X X X7 - - X10 Notes: 6. The hazards of substances in this class which may be carried i n bulk are such that special consideration must be given by the Director -General to the construction and equipment of the ship involved in addition to meeting the requirements enumerated in this table. 7. Only applicable to Seedcake containing solvent ext ractions, to Ammonium nitrate and to Ammonium nitrate fertilizers. 8. Only applicable to Ammonium nitrate and to Ammonium nitrate fertilizers. However, a degree of protection in accordance with standards contained in the International Electrotechnical Com mission publication 60079, Electrical Apparatus for Explosive Gas Atmospheres, is sufficient. 9. Only suitable wire mesh guards are required. 10. The requirements of the International Maritime Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMSBC) Code, as amended, are sufficient. TABLE 8 Application of the requirements to different classes of dangerous goods except Class 1. to 1. 6 1.4 S 2. 1 2. 2 2.3 flam m- able20 2.3 non- flam m- able 3 FP1 < 23° C 3 FP1 ≥ 23° C to ≤ 60° C 4. 1 4. 2 4.3 liq u- ids2 1 4.3 soli d 5. 1 5.2 16 6.1 liqui ds FP15 < 23° C 6.1 liqui ds FP15 ≥ 23°C to ≤ 60°C 6.1 liq u- ids 6.1 soli ds 8 liqui ds FP15 < 23° C 8 liqui ds FP15 ≥ 23°C to ≤ 60°C 8 liq u- ids 8 soli ds 9 Paragra ph 83 (3)(a)(i) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x (3)(a)(ii) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x - (3)(a)(iii ) x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (3)(a)(iv ) x - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (3)(b) x - x - x - x - - - x18 - - - x - - - x - - - x17 (3)(c) x x x x - x x x x x x x x - x x x x x x x x - (3)(d)(ii ) - - x - - x x - x11 x11 x x x11 - x x - x11 x x - - x11 (3)(d)(iii ) - - x - - - x - - - - - - - x - - - x - - - x17 (3)(e) - - - - - - x - - - - - - - x x x - x x19 x19 - - (3)(f) - - x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x14 (3)(g) - - - - - - x x x x x x x - x x - - x x - - - (3)(h) x1 2 - x x x x x x x x x x x13 x x x - - x x - - - (3)(i) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x (3)(j)(i) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x (3)(j) (k) x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x Notes: 11. When "mechanically -ventilated spaces" are required by the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. 12. Stow 3 m horizontally away from the machinery space boundaries in all cases. 13. Refer to the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. 14. As appropriate for the goods to be carried. 15. FP means flashpoint. 16. Under the provisions of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, stowage of class 5.2 dangerous goods under deck or in enclosed ro -ro spaces is prohibited. 17. Only applicable to dangerous goods evolving flammable vapour listed in the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. 18. Only applicable to dangerous goods having a flashpoint less than 23ºC listed in the Intern ational Maritime Dangerous Goods Code. 19. Only applicable to dangerous goods having a subsidiary risk class 6.1. 20. Under the provisions of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, stowage of class 2.3 having subsidiary risk class 2.1 under deck or in enclosed ro -ro spaces is prohibited. 21. Under the provisions of the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, stowage of class 4.3 liquids having a flashpoint less than 23C under deck or in enclosed ro -ro spaces is prohibited. (87) Protection of veh icles, special category, open and closed ro -ro spaces. — (1) the purpose of this paragraph is to provide additional safety measures in order to address the fire safety objectives of this paragraph for ships fitted with vehicle, special category. For this p urpose, the following functional requirements shall be met - (a) fire protection systems shall be provided to adequately protect the ship from the fire hazards associated with vehicle, special category and ro -ro spaces, and weather deck intended for the carria ge of vehicles ; (b) ignition sources shall be separated from vehicle, special category and ro -ro spaces; and (c) vehicle, special category and ro -ro spaces shall be adequately ventilated. (2) general requirements — (a) application — in addition to complying with the req uirements of paragraphs as appropriate, vehicle, special category and ro -ro spaces shall comply with the requirements of this paragraph. (b) on all ships, vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion may be carried in cargo spaces other than vehicle, special category or ro -ro spaces, provided that all the following conditions are met: (i) the vehicles do not use their own propulsion within the cargo spaces; (ii) the cargo spaces are in compliance with the appropriate requirements of paragraph 86; and (iii) the vehicles are carried in accordance with the International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code, as defined in regulation VII/1.1 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974. (3) precaution against ignition of flammable vapours in closed vehicle sp aces, closed ro -ro spa ced and special category spaces — (a) ventilation systems (i) capacity of ventilation systems There shall be provided an effective power ventilation system sufficient to give at least the following air changes: Cargo ships : 6 air changes p er hour The Director -General may require an increased number of air changes when vehicles are being loaded and unloaded. (ii) performance of ventilation systems - (A) In cargo ships, the ventilation fans shall normally be run continuously and give at least the n umber of air changes required in sub -clause (i) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (3) whenever vehicles are on board, except where an air quality control system in accordance with item (C) of sub -clause (ii) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (3) is provided. Whe re this is impracticable, they shall be operated for a limited period daily as weather permits and in any case for a reasonable period prior to discharge, after which period the ro -ro or vehicle space shall be proved gas -free. One or more portable combusti ble gas detecting instruments shall be carried for this purpose. The system shall be entirely separate from other ventilation systems. Ventilation ducts serving ro -ro or vehicle spaces shall be capable of being effectively sealed for each cargo space. The system shall be capable of being controlled from a position outside such spaces. (B) the ventilation system shall be such as to prevent air stratification and the formation of air pockets. (C) for all ships, where an air quality control system is provided based on the guidelines developed by the organisation the ventilation system may be operated at a decreased number of air changes and/or a decreased amount of ventilation. This relaxation does not apply to spaces to which at least ten air changes per hour is requi red by sub -clause (ii) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (3) of this rule and spaces subject to regulations sub -clause (i) of clause (d) of sub -paragraph (3) of paragraph 86 and paragraph 87. (iii) indication of ventilation systems - means shall be provided on the navigation bridge to indicate any loss of the required ventilating capacity. (iv) closing appliances and ducts — (A) arrangements shall be provided to permit a rapid shutdown and effective closure of the ventilation system from outside of the space in case of fire, taking into account the weather and sea conditions. (B) ventilation ducts, including dampers, within a common horizontal zone shall be made of steel. (v) Permanent openings - Permanent openings in the side plating, the ends or deckhead of the space shall be so s ituated that a fire in the cargo space does not endanger stowage areas and embarkation stations for survival craft and accommodation spaces, service spaces and control stations in superstructures and deckhouses above the cargo spaces - (b) electrical equipmen t and wiring — (i) except as provided in sub - clause (ii) of clause(b) of sub-paragraph (3), electrical equipment and wiring shall be of a type suitable for use in an explosive petrol and air mixture (ii) in case of other than special category spaces below the bulk head deck, notwithstanding the provisions sub-clause (i) of clause (b) of sub -paragraph (3), above a height of 450 millimeter from the deck and from each platform for vehicles, if fitted, except platforms with openings of sufficient size permitting penetr ation of petrol gases downwards, electrical equipment of a type so enclosed and protected as to prevent the escape of sparks shall be permitted as an alternative on condition that the ventilation system is so designed and operated as to provide continuous ventilation of the cargo spaces at the rate of at least ten air changes per hour whenever vehicles are on board. (c) electrical equipment and wiring in exhaust ventilation duct, if installed in an exhaust ventilation duct, shall be of a type approved for use in explosive petrol and air mixtures and the outlet from any exhaust duct shall be sited in a safe position, having regard to other possible sources of ignition. (d) other ignition sources - other equipment which may constitute a source of ignition of flammabl e vapours shall not be permitted. (e) scuppers and discharges — scuppers shall not be led to machinery or other spaces where sources of ignition may be present. (4) detection and alarm — (a) fixed fire detection and fire alarm systems — the requirements of sub -clause (i) of clause (a) of sub -paragraph (4) shall apply to cargo ships constructed on or after the 1st January, 2026. Cargo ships constructed before the 1st January, 2026 shall comply with the previously applicable requirements of sub -paragraph (4) — (i) in cargo s hips, vehicle spaces, special category spaces and ro -ro spaces shall be provided with a fixed fire detection and fire alarm system complying with the requirements of the fire safety systems code. The fixed fire detection system shall be capable of rapidly detecting the onset of fire. The type of detectors and their spacing and location shall be to the satisfaction of the Director -General, taking into account the effects of ventilation and other relevant factors. After being installed, the system shall be te sted under normal ventilation conditions and shall give an overall response time to the satisfaction of the Director -General. (b) sample extraction smoke detection systems, except open ro-ro space, open vehicle spaces and special category spaces, a sample extr action smoke detection system complying with the requirements of the fire safety systems code may be used as an alternative of the fixed fire detection and fire alarm system required in clause (a) of sub - paragraph (4). (c) special category spaces — (i) an efficie nt fire patrol system shall be maintained in special category spaces. (ii) manually operated call points shall be spaced so that no part of the space is more than twenty (20) meters from a manually operated call point, and one shall be placed close to each exi t from such spaces. (5) fire-extinction — (a) fixed fire -extinguishing systems — (i) vehicle spaces which are not special category spaces and are capable of being sealed from a location outside of the cargo spaces shall be fitted with one of the following systems — (A) a fixed gas fire -extinguishing system which shall comply with the provisions of the fire safety systems code; (B) a fixed high -expansion foam fire -extinguishing system complying with the provisions of the fire safety systems code; or (C) a fixed water -based firefi ghting system for ro -ro spaces and special category spaces complying with the provisions of the fire safety systems code (ii) vehicle spaces and ro -ro spaces not capable of being sealed and special category spaces shall be fitted with a fixed water -based fire -fighting system for ro-ro spaces and special category spaces complying with the provisions of the fire safety systems code which shall protect all parts of any deck and vehicle platform in such spaces. Such a water -based fire - fighting system shall have — (A) a pressure gauge on the valve manifold; (B) clear marking on each manifold valve indicating the spaces served; (C) instructions for maintenance and operation located in the valve room; and (D) a sufficient number of drainage valves to ensure complete drainage of the s ystem. (iii) the Director -General may permit the use of any other fixed fire -extinguishing system that has been shown that it is not less effective by a full -scale test in conditions simulating a flowing petrol fire in a vehicle space or a ro -ro space in control ling fires likely to occur in such a space; (iv) the requirement of this paragraph shall apply to ships constructed on or after the 1st January, 2010. Ships constructed on or after the 1st July, 2002 and before the 1st January, 2010 shall comply with the previo usly applicable requirements of this sub - paragraph, as amended by Maritime Safety Committee resolution MSC.99(73). When fixed pressure water -spraying systems are provided, in view of the serious loss of stability which could arise due to large quantities o f water accumulating on the deck or decks during the operation of the fixed pressure water -spraying system, the following arrangements shall be provided — (A) in cargo ships, the drainage and pumping arrangements shall be such as to prevent the build -up of fre e surfaces. In such case, the drainage system shall be sized to remove no less than 125 per cent. of the combined capacity of both the water spraying system pumps and the required number of fire hose nozzles, taking into account the guidelines developed by organisation . The drainage system valves shall be operable from outside the protected space at a position in the vicinity of the extinguishing system controls. Bilge wells shall be of sufficient holding capacity and shall be arranged at the side shell of the ship at a distance from each other of not more than forty (40) meters in each watertight compartment. If this is not possible the adverse effect upon stability of the added weight and free surface of water shall be taken into account to the extent deem ed necessary by the Director -General in its approval of the stability information. Such information shall be included in the stability information supplied to the master as required by regulation II -1/5-1 of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974. (B) on all ships, for closed vehicles and ro -ro spaces and special category spaces, where fixed pressure water -spraying systems are fitted, means shall be provided to prevent the blockage of drainage arrangements, taking into account the guidelin es developed by the organisation . Ships constructed before the 1st January, 2010 shall comply with the requirements of this paragraph by the first survey after the 1st January, 2010. (6) portable fire extinguishers — (a) portable extinguishers shall be provided a t each deck level in each hold or compartment where vehicles are carried, spaced not more than 20 meters apart on both sides of the space. At least one portable fire -extinguisher shall be located at each access to such a cargo space. (b) in addition to the pro vision of sub -clause (i) of clause (b) of sub-paragraph (6), the following fire extinguishing appliances shall be provided in vehicle, and special category spaces intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with fuel in their tanks for their own propulsion — (i) at least three water -fog applicators; and (ii) one portable foam applicator unit complying with the provisions of the fire safety systems code, provided that at least two such units are available in the ship for use in such ro -ro spaces. (88) Requirements for v ehicle carriers carrying motor vehicles with compressed hydrogen or natural gas in their tanks for their own propulsion as cargo. — (1) the purpose of this paragraph is to provide additional safety measures in order to address the fire safety objectives of this paragraph for vehicle carriers with vehicle and ro -ro spaces intended for carriage of motor vehicles with compressed hydrogen or compressed natural gas in their tanks for their own propulsion as cargo. (2) application — (a) in addition to complying with th e requirements of paragraph 87, as appropriate, vehicle carriers constructed on or after the 1st January, 2016 intended for the carriage of motor vehicles with compressed hydrogen or compressed natural gas in their tanks for their own propulsion as cargo s hall comply with the requirements in sub -paragraphs (3) to (5); (b) in addition to complying with the requirements of paragraph 87, as appropriate, vehicle carriers constructed before the 1st January, 2016, including those constructed before the 1st July, 20 12, shall comply with the requirements in sub - paragraph (5). (3) requirements for spaces intended for carriage of motor vehicles with compressed natural gas in their tanks for their own propulsion as cargo — (a) electrical equipment and wiring shall be of a certif ied safe type for use in an explosive methane and air mixture; (b) ventilation arrangement — (i) electrical equipment and wiring, if installed in any ventilation duct, shall be of a certified safe type for use in explosive methane and air mixtures. (ii) the fans shall be such as to avoid the possibility of ignition of methane and air mixtures. Suitable wire mesh guards shall be fitted over inlet and outlet ventilation openings. (c) other ignition sources — equipment which may constitute a source of ignition of methane and air mixtures shall not be permitted. (4) requirements for spaces intended for carriage of motor vehicles with compressed hydrogen in their tanks for their own propulsion as cargo — (a) electrical equipment and wiring be of a certified safe type for use in an expl osive hydrogen and air mixture. (b) ventilation arrangement — (i) electrical equipment and wiring, if installed in any ventilation duct, shall be of a certified safe type for use in explosive hydrogen and air mixtures and the outlet from any exhaust duct shall be sited in a safe position, having regard to other possible sources of ignition. (ii) the fans shall be designed such as to avoid the possibility of ignition of hydrogen and air mixtures. Suitable wire mesh guards shall be fitted over inlet and outlet ventilation openings. (c) other ignition sources — equipment which may constitute a source of ignition of hydrogen and air mixtures shall not be permitted. (5) Detection — When a vehicle carrier carries as cargo one or more motor vehicles with either compressed hydrogen or compressed natural gas in their tanks for their own propulsion, at least two portable gas detectors shall be provided. Such detectors shall be suitable for the detection of the gas fuel and be of a certified safe type for use in the explosive gas and air mixture. (89) Application of Paragraphs to ships of under 500GT . — The provisions of following Paragraphs shall be applicable to ships of under 500GT, unless the Director -General waives in writing the application of any provision or implement any additional provi sion to a class or category of such ships having regard to the size and intended services. (1) The provision of paragraph 8, paragraph 18, paragraph 19, paragraph 27, sub -paragraphs (1) and (2) of paragraph 28, paragraph 32, paragraph 33, sub -paragraphs (6) and (8) of paragraph 40, sub -paragraphs (1),(2) and (12) of paragraph 43, paragraph 44, sub -paragraphs (1) to (5) of paragraph 45, paragraph 46, paragraph 48, paragraph 49, sub -paragraphs (1) to (5) and (8) of paragraph 50, paragraph 51, paragraph 52, paragraph 53, paragraph 54, sub -paragraphs (1),(3) and (7) of paragraph 55, paragraph 57, paragraph 58, sub -paragraph (1) of paragraph 59, paragraph 60, paragraph 61, paragraph 62, sub - paragraph (1)clauses (a),(b) and sub -paragraph (2)clause (a) and sub-parag raph (3) clause (a) of paragraphs 63, 64, sub -paragraphs (1)and (3) of paragraph 65, sub -paragraph (2) of paragraph 71, paragraph 76 and paragraph 80 shall apply to ships less than 500 tons but more than 15 tons. (2) Requirements for vessels engaged on interna tional voyages and for vessels engaged on voyages other than international voyages of less than 500 tons but not less than 150 tons (a) every vessel shall be provided with - (i) fire pumps, fire mains, water service pipes, hydrants hoses and nozzles whereby at le ast one jet of water can reach any part of the vessel normally accessible to the passengers or crew while the vessel is being navigated and any store room and any part of any cargo space when empty; (ii) at least one fire pump operated by power, which shall be capable of delivering at least one jet of water from any fire hydrant hose and nozzle provided in the vessel; (iii) if fitted with oil -fired boiler or internal combustion type propelling machinery, an additional fire pump and its source of power and sea connec tion in a position outside the spaces containing such boilers or machinery and if such pump is operated by power, it shall comply with the requirements of the preceding clause and if it is manually operated, it shall be provided with a hose and 10 millimet ers diameter nozzle capable of producing a jet of water having a throw of not less than 6 metres capable of being directed on to any part of the vessel; (iv) a fire main, water service pipes and hydrants complying with the requirements of clause (a) of sub - paragraph (2) of paragraph 77 and at least three fire hoses and nozzles complying with clause (c) of sub - paragraph (2) of paragraph 77 except the diameter of fire main and water service pipe connecting fire main and water service pipes connecting the fire hydr ants, thereto shall be sufficient for the effective distribution of the maximum discharge required from where only one pump; (v) at least three portable fire extinguishers complying with the requirement of fire safety system code so situated as to be readily a vailable for use in the accommodation and service spaces; (vi) at least one of the fixed fire extinguishing installations specified in sub -paragraph (4) of paragraph 77 for the protection of any space containing any oil -fired boiler, oil fuel setting tank or o il fuel unit; (vii) at least two portable fire extinguishers complying with the requirement of fire safety system code suitable for extinguishing oil fires; in each boiler room and in each space which contains any part of any oil fuel installation; (viii) a receptac le containing at least 0.3 cubic metre of sand or other dry material suitable for extinguishing oil fires together with a scoop for its distribution or an additional portable fire extinguisher suitable for extinguishing oil fires in each firing space; (ix) if it is fitted with internal combustion propelling machinery in machinery spaces with — (A) portable fire extinguishers capable of discharging from or other substances suitable for quenching oil fires, as specified in the Table below: - Power of main engine in k ilowatt (kW) No.of portable extinguishers Upto and including 150 2 Above 150 but not above 300 4 Above 300 but not above 450 6 Above 450 7 or (B) two portable fire extinguishers suitable for extinguishing oil fires together with — (I) one foam fire extin guisher of at least 45 litres; or (II) one carbon dioxide fire extinguisher of at least 16 kilograms capacity. (x) at least one fireman's outfit which shall comply with the requirements specified in of fire safety system code. (b) fire pumps — (i) in every ship, which is required by these rules to be provided with fire pumps operated by power such fire pumps (other than any emergency fire pump) shall together be capable of delivering for the firefighting purposes a quantity of water, under the conditions and at the pressu re specified in sub - paragraph (2) which shall not be less than the quantity obtained from the following formula, — Quantity of water is cubic metres per hour = Cd2 where: C=2.5 for vessels required to be provided with only one fire pump, and d=1+0.066 √ L(B+D) to the nearest 0.25 where: L=length of the vessel in metres on the summer load water line from the foresaid of the stem to the aft side of the rudder post. Where there is no rudder post, the length is measured from the foreside of the stem to th e axis of the rudder stock if that be the greater: B= greatest moulded breadth of the vessel in metres; and D= moulded depth of the vessel in metres measured to the bulkhead deck amidships: (ii) Any fire pump shall, when discharging required quantity of wate r from one pump though adjacent fire hydrants in any part of the ship from nozzles of size specified in clause (b) of sub -paragraph (2) paragraph 77 be capable of maintaining pressure at the hydrant 2.1 bar (0.2 N/mm2) (3) requirements for vessels engaged on v oyages other than international voyage under 150 tons but more than 15 tons. (a) (i) every vessel which is 20 metres in length and above the provision of sub -paragraph (2) shall apply, subject to the conditions that fire pumps required to be provided under clause (b) of that sub -paragraph may be driven by the main engine. (ii) Every such vessel being less than 20 metres in length shall be provided, in a position outside the machinery spaces, with a power or a hand operated pump with a permanent sea connection, hos e with a 10 millimetre diameter nozzle capable of producing a jet of water having a throw of not less than 6 metres capable of being directed to any part of the vessel, and a spray nozzle suitable for use with the hose : Provided that if such vess el is of less than 9 metres in length or is an open vessel of less than 20 metres is length and if such vessel complies with the requirements of sub - paragraph (2), so far as it relates to fire buckets the requirement specified in this clause shall not be r equired to be complied with and if such vessel does not comply with the requirement of sub -paragraph (3) so far as it relates to fire buckets, shall be required to have two fire buckets one of which shall be fitted with a lanyard. (b) every such vessel shall be provided with portable fire extinguishers or with fire buckets in accordance with the following Table: - Length of vessel Minimum number of extinguishers or buckets Under 20 meters 2 20 meters or over 3 When fire buckets are provided, these shall be fitted with a lanyard. (c) Every such vessel if fitted with oil -fired boilers or internal combustion type propulsion machinery shall in addition be provided with portable fire extinguishers suitable for extinguishing oil fires in accordance with the follo wing table : - Length of vessel Minimum number of extinguishers or buckets Under 6 meters 1 6 meters or over 2 (d) every such vessel of 9 metre in length or over which is fitted with oil -fired boilers or internal combustion type propulsion machinery shall, if it is mainly or wholly constructed of wood or glass reinforced plastic and is decked in way of the machinery space, be provided with means outside the machinery space for rapidly injecting into the machinery space a quantity of fire smothering gas equival ent to at least 60 per cent of the gross volume of that space, or where the machinery space is bounded by steel bulk -heads equivalent to at least 40 per cent. of the gross volume of the space: Provided that where such vessel is of less than 20 metres in length, it will be sufficient if a water spraying system supplied from a hand pump and a permanent sea connection situated outside the machinery space which may be the hand pump and the sea connection referred to in clause (b) of sub -paragraph ( 1) is provided. Such pump shall be connected by fixed piping to a sufficient number of water spraying nozzles suitably placed in the machinery space and capable of extinguishing oil fires. (e) every such vessel being a fully decked vessel of 20 metres in len gth or over shall be provided with a fireman's axe. (f) fire bucket — (i) every fire bucket provided in compliance with these rules shall be painted red and shall be clearly and permanently marked in black or white with the word "FIRE". Every such fire bucket sh all be kept filled with sand or water. (ii) at least half the number of such fire buckets shall be fitted with lanyards of sufficient length to enable the buckets to be fitted from the sea with the vessel in light condition. (iii) such fire buckets shall not be use d for any purpose other than for extinguishing fires. (4) additional requirements for tanker — (a) requirements for tankers in this paragraph shall apply to tankers carrying crude oil or petroleum products having a flashpoint not exceeding 60°C (closed cup test), as determined by an approved flashpoint apparatus, and a Reid vapour pressure which is below the atmospheric pressure or other liquid products having a similar fire hazard. (b) the provisions of clause (f) of sub -paragraph (5) of paragraph 71 and sub -paragraph (9) of paragraph 77 shall apply to every such tanker. (c) in addition to the requirements specified in sub -paragraph (b), every such tanker shall be provided with at least one mobile foam appliance capable of discharging foam rapidly in the cargo manifold are as by simple operation. (5) fire control plans a fire control plan shall be permanently displayed on board all ships exceeding 20 meters in length, for the guidance of the ship’s officers, as required under clause (b) of sub -paragraph (2) of paragraph 82 shall be permanently displayed on board all ships exceeding 20 meters in length, for the guidance of the ship’s officers, as required under clause (b) of sub -paragraph (2) of paragraph (90) Requirements for mobile offshore drilling units. — construction, includ ing structural arrangements, subdivision and stability, machinery and electrical installations, as well as fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction of mobile offshore drilling unit (MODU) Shall comply with the requirements stipulated in internat ional maritime organization Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit Code 1989 or 2009. Existing Mobile Offshore Drilling Units not complying with International Maritime Organization Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit code 1989 or 2009 shall comply with at least International Maritime Organization Mobile Offshore Drilling Unit Code, 1989 by the due dates in accordance with relevant Director -General notices in force. (91) Additional safety measures for bulk carriers. — bulk carriers shall comply with the additio nal requirements prescribed in chapter - XII of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974 in addition to the applicable requirements of these rules. (92) Safety measures for ships operating in polar water . — every ship operating in polar water s shall be constructed, equipped, and operated in accordance with the provisions of Chapter - XIV of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as in force. (93) Safety measures for ships carrying industrial personnel . — ships carrying in dustrial personnel shall comply with the safety requirements prescribed under Chapter - XV of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 as in force. (94) International code for High Speed Crafts. — every high speed craft shall be designed and constructed as per high speed craft code as in force and Chapter - X of International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,1974. SCHEDULE 2 [See rule 6 ] FORMAT OF CERTIFICATION Form of Safety Certificate for Cargo ships CARGO SHIP SAFETY CONSTRU CTION CERTIFICATE (Official Seal) (State) Issued under the provisions of the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as modified by the Protocol of 1988 relating thereto under authority of the Government of (name of the St ate) By (person or organisation authorised) Particulars of ship1 Name of Ship: Distinctive Number or Letters: Port of Registry: Gross Tonnage: Deadweight of ship (metric tons)2 IMONumber3 Type of Ship4 Bulk Carrier Oil tanker Chemical tanker Gas carrier Cargo ship other than any of the above Date of build Date of building contract _______________________________________________________ Date on which keel was laid or ship was at similar stage of construction _______________ Date of delivery ________________ ______________________________________________ Date on which work for a conversion or an alteration or modification of a major character was commenced (where applicable) ______________________________________________ All applicable dates shall be completed . 1. Alternatively, the particulars of the ship may be placed horizontally in boxes. 2. For oil tankers, chemical tankers and gas carriers only. 3. In accordance with IMO ship identification Number Scheme adopted by the organisation by resolution A.1117(3 0). 4. Delete as appropriate. THIS IS TO CERTIFY: 1. That the ship has been surveyed in accordance with the requirement of regulation I/10 of the Convention. 2. That the survey showed that: (1) The condition of the structure, machinery and equipment as defined in the above regulation was satisfactory and the ship complied with the relevant requirements of chapters II1 and II2 of the Convention (other than those relating to fire safety systems and appliances and fire control plans); and (2) The ship complied with Par t G of Chapter II -1 of the Convention using ………… as fuel or not applicable 4 3. that the last two inspections of the outside of the ship's bottom took place on ________and _________________ (dates). 4. that an exemption certificate has/has not4 been issued. 5. the ship was/was not4 subjected to an alternative design and arrangements in pursuance of regulation(s) II1/55 / II2/174 of the Convention; 6. that a document of approval of alternative design and arrangements for machinery and electrical installations or fir e protection4 is/is not4 appended to this certificate. This certificate is valid until ______________________5 subject to the annual and intermediate surveys and inspections of the outside of the ship's bottom in accordance with regulation I/10 of the Convention. Completion date of the survey on which this certificate is based. ____________ (dd/mm/yy) Issued at ____________________________ (Place of issue of certificate) _____________ ______________________________________________ (Date of issue) (Signature of authorised official issuing the certificate) (Seal or stamp of the issuing authority, as appropriate) _______________________________________ 4 Delete as appropriate. 5 Insert the date of expiry as specified by the Administration in acco rdance with regulation I/14(a) of the Convention. The day and the month of this date correspond to the anniversary date, as defined in regulation I/2(n) of the Convention, unless amended in accordance with regulation I/14(h). Endorsement for annual inter mediate surveys This is to certify that, at a survey required by regulation I/10 of the Convention, the ship was found to comply with the relevant requirements of the Convention. Annual Survey Signed: ______________________________ (Signature of author ised officials) Place: ____________________________ Date: ____________________________ (Seal or stamp of the authority, as appropriate) Annual or Intermediate4 Survey: Signed: ____________________________ (Signature of authorised officials) Date: ______ ______________________ (Seal or stamp of the authority, as appropriate) Annual or Intermediate4 Survey: Signed: ____________________________ (Signature of authorised officials) Place: ____________________________ Date: ____________________________ (Sea l or stamp of the authority, as appropriate) Annual or Intermediate4 Survey: Signed: ____________________________ (Signature of authorised officials) Place: ____________________________ Date: ____________________________ (Seal or stamp of the authority, as appropriate) Annual Survey Signed: ____________________________ (Signature of authorised officials) Place: ____________________________ Date: ____________________________ (Seal or stamp of the authority, as appropriate) Annual or intermediate Surve y in accordance with regulation I/14(h)(iii) This is to certify that, at an annual/intermediate survey4 in accordance with Regulation I/14(h) (III) of the Convention, the ship was found to comply with the relevant requirements of the Convention. Signed: _ ___________________________ (Signature of authorised officials) Place: ____________________________ Date: ____________________________ (Seal or stamp of the authority, as appropriate) _______________________________________ 4 Delete as appropriate. Endorsement for inspections of the outside of ship's bottom6 This is to certify that, at an inspection required by regulation I/10 of the Convention, the ship was found to comply with the relevant requirements of the Convention. First inspection: Signed: ____________________________ (Signature of authorised officials) Place: ____________________________ Date: ____________________________ (Seal or stamp of the authority, as appropriate) Second inspection: Signed: ____________________________ (Signatu re of authorised officials) Place: ____________________________ Date: ____________________________ (Seal or stamp of the authority, as appropriate) Endorsement to extend the certificate if valid for less than 5 years where Regulation I/14(c) applies The s hip complies with the relevant requirements of the Convention, and this certificate shall, in accordance with regulation I/14(c) of the Convention, be accepted as valid until _____________. Signed: ____________________________ (Signature of authorized off icials) Place: ____________________________ Date: ____________________________ (Seal or stamp of the authority, as appropriate) Endorsement where the renewal survey has been completed and Regulation I/14(d) applies The ship complies with the relevant requirements of the Convention, and this certificate shall, in accordance with Regulation I/14(d) of the Convention, be accepted as valid until _____________. Signed: ____________________________ (Signature of authorised officials) Place: ________________ ____________ Date: ___________________________ (Seal or stamp of the authority, as appropriate) _______________________________________ 6 Provision may be made for additional inspections. Endorsement to extend the validity of the certificate until reach ing the port of survey or a period of grace where Regulation I/14(e) or I/14(f) applies This certificate shall, in accordance with regulation I/14(e)/I/14(f)4 of the Convention, be accepted as valid until _______________________. Signed: _________________ ___________ (Signature of authorised officials) Place: ____________________________ Date: ____________________________ (Seal or stamp of the authority, as appropriate) Endorsement for advancement of anniversary date where regulation I/14(h) applies In accordance with regulation I/14(h) of the Convention, the new anniversary date is___________________________________. Signed: ____________________________ (Signature of authorised officials) Place: ____________________________ Date: _____________________ _______ (Seal or stamp of the authority, as appropriate) In accordance with regulation I/14(h) of the Convention, the new anniversary date is ___________________________________. Date: ____________________________ (Seal or stamp of the authority, as appr opriate) In accordance with regulation I/14(h) of the Convention, the new anniversary date is ___________________________________. Signed: ____________________________ (Signature of authorised officials) Place: ____________________________ Date: _______ _____________________ (Seal or stamp of the authority, as appropriate) _______________________________________ 4 Delete as appropriate. Form of Exemption Certificate Exemption Certificate (Official Seal) (State) Issued under the provisions o f the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as modified by the Protocol of 1988 relating thereto under the authority of the Government of ______________________________ (name of the State) By ____________________________ (person o r organisation authorised) Particulars of ship: Name of Ship: ______________________________ Distinctive Number or Letters: ______________________________ Port of Registry: ______________________________ Gross Tonnage: ______________________________ IMO Number: ______________________________ Class of the ship: ______________________________ THIS IS TO CERTIFY: That the ship is, under the authority conferred by regulation _____ of the Convention, exempted from the requirement(s) of ____________________ ____ of the Convention. Conditions, if any, on which the Exemption Certificate is granted: __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________ ________________________________________________________ __________________________ _______________________________________ Voyages, if any, for which the exemption certificate is granted: __________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________ This certificate is valid until ______________ subject to the ____________________ Certificate, to which this certificate is attached, remaining valid. SCHEDULE 3 [See rule 6 ] Fees for Plan and Document Approval SR. No. ITEMS CATEGORY FEES 1 Structural d rawings and scantlings For vessels classed with a Recognised organisation or member of International Association of Classification Societies. (i) For vessels up to 200 Gross Tonnes (ii) For vessels above 200 Gross Tonnage For vessels not classed with a Recognised organization or member of International Association of Classification Societies. (i) For vessels up to 200 Gross Tonnage (ii) For vessels above 200 Gross Tonnage Rs.60,000/ - Rs.60,000/ - plus Rs.1,500/ - for every additional 100 Gross Tonnage subject to a maximum of Rs.2,25,000/ - Rs.97,500/ - Rs.97,500/ - plus Rs.1,500/ - for every additional 100 Gross Tonnage subject to a maximum of Rs.3,00,000/ -. 2 Watertight subdivision arrangement (i) For vessels up to 1000 Gross Tonnage (ii) Vessels above 1000 Gross Tonnage Rs.60,000/ - Rs.60,000/ - plus Rs.750/ - for every additional 100 Gross Tonnage subject to a maximum of Rs.1,20,000/ - SR. No. ITEMS CATEGORY FEES 3 Damage Control Plans (i) Up to 1000 Gross To nnage (ii) Above 1000 Gross Tonnage Rs.12,000/ - Rs.12,000/ - plus Rs.750/ - for every additional 100 Gross Tonnage subject to a maximum of Rs.37,500/ - 4 Openings in the hull and their closing appliances (i) For vessels up to 500 Gross Tonnage (ii) F or vessels above 500 Gross Tonnage Rs.18,000/ - Rs.18,000/ - plus Rs.750/ - for every additional 100 Gross Tonnage or part thereof subject to a maximum of Rs.37,500/ - 5 Fire protection arrangement (i) Vessels up to 1000 Gross Tonnage (ii) V essels above 1000 Gross Tonnage Rs.22,500/ -. Rs.22,500/ - plus Rs.750/ - for every 100 Gross Tonnage or part thereof subject to a maximum of Rs.75,000/ - SR. No. ITEMS CATEGORY FEES 6 Machinery layout including stern gear arrangement (i) Vessels up to 1000 Gross Tonnage (ii) Above 1000 Gross Tonnage Rs.37,500/ - Rs.37,500/ - plus Rs.750/ - per every additional 100 Gross Tonnage subject to a maximum of Rs.97,500/ - 7 Bilge and ballast pumping arrangements (i) Vessels up to 1000 Gross Tonnage (ii) Above 1000 Gross Tonnage Rs.2 2,500/ - Rs.22,500/ - per Rs.750/ - per every additional 100 Gross Tonnage subject to a maximum of Rs.75,000/ - 8 Oil, fuel, storage pumping and overflow arrangement (i) Vessels up to 1000 Gross Tonnage (ii) Above 1000 Gross Tonnage Rs.22,500/ - Rs.22,500 /- per Rs.750/ - per every additional 100 Gross Tonnage subject to a maximum of Rs.75,000/ - 9 Electrical system layout, main and emergency arrangement (i) Vessels up to 1000 Gross Tonnage (ii) Above 1000 Gross Tonnage GT Rs.22,500/ - Rs.22,500/ - per Rs. 750/ - per every additional 100 Gross Tonnage subject to a maximum of Rs.75,000/ - 10 Air starting and lubrication oil arrangements (i) Vessels up to 1000 Gross Tonnage (ii) Above 1000 Gross Tonnage Rs.9,000/ - Rs.9,000/ - plus Rs.750/ - for every addition al 100 Gross Tonnage subject to a maximum of Rs.22,500/ - SR. No. ITEMS CATEGORY FEES 11 Flooring, lighting and insulation plans (i) Vessels up to 1000 Gross Tonnage (ii) Above 1000 Gross Tonnage Rs.15,000/ - Rs.15,000/ - plus Rs.750/ - per every additional 100 Gross Tonnage subjec t to a maximum of Rs.60,000/ - 12 Ventilation plans (i) Vessels up to 500 Gross Tonnage (ii) Above 500 Gross Tonnage Rs.15,000/ - Rs.15,000/ - plus Rs.750/ - per every additional 100 Gross Tonnage subject to a maximum of Rs.60,000/ - 13 Escape route plan s (i) Vessels up to 200 Gross Tonnage (ii) Vessels above 200 Gross Tonnage Rs.4,500/ - Rs. 4,500/ - plus Rs.1,500/ - for every additional 100 Gross Tonnage or part thereof subject to a maximum of Rs.60,000/ -. 14 Door plans (i) Vesse ls up to 200 Gross Tonnage (ii) Vessels above 200 Gross Tonnage Rs. 4,500/ - Rs. 4,500/ - plus Rs.750/ -for every additional 100 Gross Tonnage or part thereof subject to a maximum of Rs.30,000/ - SR. No. ITEMS CATEGORY FEES 15 Plans of windows/scuttles (i) Vessels below 500 Gross Tonnage (ii) Vessels above 500 Gross Tonnage Rs.12,000/ - Rs.12,000/ - plus Rs.750/ - for every additional 100 Gross Tonnage or part thereof subject to a maximum of Rs.30,000/ -. 16 Railing Plans (i) Vessels below 500 Gross Tonnage (ii) Vessels above 500 Gross Tonnage Rs.7,500/ - Rs. 7,500/ - plus Rs.750/ - for every additional 100 Gross Tonnage or part thereof subject to a maximum of Rs.15,000/ -. 17 Domestic piping plan (i) Vessels below 500 Gross Tonnage (ii) Vessels above 500 Gross Tonnage Rs.7,50 0/- Rs. 7,500/ - plus Rs.750/ - for every additional 100 Gross Tonnage or part thereof subject to a maximum of Rs.22,500/ -. 18 Trim And Stability booklets (i) Vessels up to 1000 Gross Tonnage (ii) Vessels above 1000 Gross Tonnage Rs.45,000/ - Rs.45,00 0/- plus Rs.750/ - for every additional 100 Gross Tonnage subject to a maximum of Rs.90,000/ - 19 For Booklets containing timber cargo loading conditions. Rs.22,500/ - extra SR. No. ITEMS CATEGORY FEES 20 Damaged Stability Booklets (i) Probabilistic (ii) Load Line Convention related (iii) International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships or International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk or International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Dangerous Chemicals in Bulk related (iv) Special Purpose/ Offshore Supply vessels etc. Rs.45,000/ - Rs.45,000/ - Rs.45,000/ - Rs.37,500/ - 21 Inclining Experiment (i) Vessels below 500 Gross Tonnage (ii) Vessels above 500 Gross Tonnage Rs.15, 000/ - Rs.15,000/ - plus Rs.750/ - for every additional 100 Gross Tonnage subject to a maximum of Rs.60,000/ -. 22 Light weight check for vessels below 500 Gross Tonnage above 500 Gross Tonnage Rs.7,500/ - Rs.7,500/ - plus Rs.750/ - for every additiona l 100 G.T. subject to a maximum of Rs.22,500/ -. SR. No. ITEMS CATEGORY FEES 23 Loading Operation Manuals of Bulk Carriers (i) Vessels below 150 metres. (ii) Vessels above 150 metres. Rs.45,000/ - Rs.75,000/ - 24 Approval and Stamping of additional copies of booklets or plans 10% of approval fees 25 Endorsement of additional loading conditions or amendments which does not involve re -approval of the plans or booklets 10% of approval fees 26 Emergency Towing Booklet and Procedure (i) Vessels below 500 Gross Tonnage (ii) Vesse ls above 500 Gross Tonnage Rs.15,000/ - Rs.15,000/ - plus Rs.750/ - for every additional 100 Gross Tonnage subject to a maximum of Rs.60,000/ -. [F. No. SY -19014/199/2025 -MG-Part(6)] MUKESH MANGAL , Addl . Secy . Uploaded by Dte. of Printing at Government of India Press, Ring Road, Mayapuri, New Delhi -110064 and Published by the Controller of Publications, Delhi -110054.

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